THE LAW OF MOSES RECOGNISED AS SCRIPTURE 2 Kings 22:8-10 大 祭 司 希 勒 家 對 書 記 沙 番 說 ： 我 在 耶 和 華 殿 裏 得 了 律 法 書 。 希 勒 家 將 書 遞 給 沙 番 ， 沙 番 就 看 了 。 書 記 沙 番 到.

Presentation on theme: "THE LAW OF MOSES RECOGNISED AS SCRIPTURE 2 Kings 22:8-10 大 祭 司 希 勒 家 對 書 記 沙 番 說 ： 我 在 耶 和 華 殿 裏 得 了 律 法 書 。 希 勒 家 將 書 遞 給 沙 番 ， 沙 番 就 看 了 。 書 記 沙 番 到."— Presentation transcript:

1 THE LAW OF MOSES RECOGNISED AS SCRIPTURE 2 Kings 22:8-10 大 祭 司 希 勒 家 對 書 記 沙 番 說 ： 我 在 耶 和 華 殿 裏 得 了 律 法 書 。 希 勒 家 將 書 遞 給 沙 番 ， 沙 番 就 看 了 。 書 記 沙 番 到 王 那 裏 ， 回 覆 王 說 ： 你 的 僕 人 已 將 殿 裏 的 銀 子 倒 出 數 算 ， 交 給 耶 和 華 殿 裏 辦 事 的 人 了 。 書 記 沙 番 又 對 王 說 ： 祭 司 希 勒 家 遞 給 我 一 卷 書 。 沙 番 就 在 王 面 前 讀 那 書 。

2 THE LAW OF MOSES RECOGNISED AS SCRIPTURE 2 Kings 22:11-13 王 聽 見 律 法 書 上 的 話 ， 便 撕 裂 衣 服 ， 吩 咐 祭 司 希 勒 家 與 沙 番 的 兒 子 亞 希 甘 、 米 該 亞 的 兒 子 亞 革 波 、 書 記 沙 番 和 王 的 臣 僕 亞 撒 雅 ， 說 ： 你 們 去 為 我 、 為 民 、 為 猶 大 眾 人 ， 以 這 書 上 的 話 求 問 耶 和 華 ； 因 為 我 們 列 祖 沒 有 聽 從 這 書 上 的 言 語 ， 沒 有 遵 著 書 所 吩 咐 我 們 的 去 行 ， 耶 和 華 就 向 我 們 大 發 烈 怒 。

3 THE PROPHETS RECOGNISED AS SCRIPTURE 2 Chronicles 36:12, 21-22 行 耶 和 華 ─ 他 神 眼 中 看 為 惡 的 事 。 先 知 耶 利 米 以 耶 和 華 的 話 -U 他 ， 他 仍 不 在 耶 利 米 面 前 自 卑 。 這 就 應 驗 耶 和 華 藉 耶 利 米 口 所 說 的 話 ： 地 享 受 安 息 ； 因 為 地 土 荒 涼 便 守 安 息 ， 直 滿 了 七 十 年 。 波 斯 王 古 列 元 年 ， 耶 和 華 為 要 應 驗 藉 耶 利 米 口 所 說 的 話 ， 就 激 動 波 斯 王 古 列 的 心 ， 使 他 下 詔 通 告 全 國 ， 說 ：

4 THE PROPHETS RECOGNISED AS SCRIPTURE Daniel 9:1-2 瑪 代 族 亞 哈 隨 魯 的 兒 子 大 利 烏 立 為 迦 勒 底 國 的 王 元 年 ， 就 是 他 在 位 - 一 年 ， 我 但 以 理 從 書 上 得 知 耶 和 華 的 話 臨 到 先 知 耶 利 米 ， 論 耶 路 撒 冷 荒 涼 的 年 數 ， 七 十 年 為 滿 。 Ezra 1:1 波 斯 王 古 列 元 年 ， 耶 和 華 為 要 應 驗 藉 耶 利 米 口 所 說 的 話 ， 就 激 動 波 斯 王 古 列 的 心 ， 使 他 下 詔 通 告 全 國 說 ：

5 THE LAW AND THE PROPHETS RECOGNISED Ezekiel 14:14, 20 其 中 雖 有 挪 亞 、 但 以 理 、 約 伯 這 三 人 ， 他 們 只 能 因 他 們 的 義 救 自 己 的 性 命 。 這 是 主 耶 和 華 說 的 。 雖 有 挪 亞 、 但 以 理 、 約 伯 在 其 中 ， 主 耶 和 華 說 ： 我 指 著 我 的 永 生 起 誓 ， 他 們 連 兒 帶 女 都 不 能 救 ， 只 能 因 他 們 的 義 自 己 的 性 命 。

6 THE SILENCING OF THE PROPHETS Micah 3:5-7 論 到 使 我 民 走 差 路 的 先 知 ─ 他 們 牙 齒 有 所 -Z 的 ， 他 們 就 呼 喊 說 ： 平 安 了 ！ 凡 不 供 給 他 們 喫 的 ， 他 們 就 豫 備 攻 擊 他 豫 備 攻 擊 他 ： 或 - 說 必 遭 遇 刀 兵 ） ─ 耶 和 華 如 此 說 ： 你 們 必 遭 遇 黑 夜 ， 以 致 不 見 異 象 ； 又 必 遭 遇 幽 暗 ， 以 致 不 能 占 卜 。 日 頭 必 向 你 們 沉 落 ， 白 晝 變 為 黑 暗 。 先 見 必 抱 愧 ， 占 卜 的 必 蒙 羞 ， 都 必 摀 著 嘴 唇 ， 因 為 神 不 應 允 他 們 。

7 THE SILENCING OF THE PROPHETS RECOGNISED 1 Maccabees 4: 45 They thought it best to pull it down, lest it should be a reproach to them, because the heathen had defiled it: wherefore they pulled it down, 46 And laid up the stones in the mountain of the temple in a convenient place, until there should come a prophet to shew what should be done with them. 1 Maccabees 9: 27 Thus there was great distress in Israel, such as had not been since the time that prophets ceased to appear among them. 1 Maccabbees 14: 41 Also that the Jews and priests were well pleased that Simon should be their governor and high priest for ever, until there should arise a faithful prophet;

8 THE LAW AND THE PROPHETS RECOGNISED 2 Maccabees 15: 8 And he exhorted his men not to fear the attack of the Gentiles, but to keep in mind the former times when help had come to them from heaven, and now to look for the victory which the Almighty would give them. 9 Encouraging them from the law and the prophets, and reminding them also of the struggles they had won, he made them the more eager.

9 THE BIBLE QUOTED IN THE NEW TESTAMENT Matthew 5:17, ‘The law and the prophets’ Matthew 11:13, ‘The law and the prophets’ Luke 16:16, ‘The law and the prophets’ Luke 24:27, ‘Moses and the prophets’ Luke 24:44, ‘The law of Moses and the prophets and the psalms’

10 THE BIBLE QUOTED IN THE NEW TESTAMENT John 1:45, ‘The law and the prophets’ Acts 13:15, ‘The law and the prophets’ Acts 24:14, ‘The law and the prophets’ Romans 3:21, ‘The law and the prophets’

11 NEW TESTAMENT: ‘THE SCRIPTURE SAYS’ John 19:37, ‘ 經 上 又 有 一 句 說 ： 他 們 要 仰 望 自 己 所 扎 的 人 ’ Romans 9:17, ‘ 因 為 經 上 有 話 向 法 老 說 ： 我 將 你 興 起 來 ， 特 要 在 你 身 上 彰 顯 我 的 權 能 ， 並 要 使 我 的 名 傳 遍 天 下 ’ Romans 10:11, ‘ 經 上 說 ： 凡 信 他 的 人 必 不 至 於 羞 愧 ’

12 NEW TESTAMENT: ‘THE SCRIPTURE SAYS’ Romans 11:2, ‘ 神 並 沒 有 棄 絕 他 豫 先 所 知 道 的 百 姓 。 你 們 豈 不 曉 得 經 上 論 到 以 利 亞 是 怎 麼 說 的 呢 ﹖ 他 在 神 面 前 怎 樣 控 告 以 色 列 人 ’ 1 Timothy 5:1, ‘ 因 為 經 上 說 ： 牛 在 場 上 踹 穀 的 時 候 ， 不 可 籠 住 他 的 嘴 ； 又 說 ： 工 人 得 工 價 是 應 當 的 ’ James 4:5, ‘ 你 們 想 經 上 所 說 是 徒 然 的 麼 ﹖ 神 所 賜 、 住 在 我 們 裏 面 的 靈 ， 是 戀 愛 至 於 嫉 妒 麼 ’

13 NEW TESTAMENT REFERS TO ‘THE SCRIPTURES’ Matthew 21:42; 22:29; 26:54, 56 Mark 12:24; 14:49 Luke 24:27; 24:32, 45 John 5:39 Acts 17:2, 11; 18:24, 28

14 NEW TESTAMENT REFERS TO ‘THE SCRIPTURES’ Romans 1:2; 15:4; 16:26 1 Corinthians 15:3-4 2 Timothy 3:15 2 Peter 3:16

15 NEW TESTAMENT REFERS TO ‘THE SCRIPTURE’ Mark 12:10; 15:28 Luke 4:21 John 2:22; 7:38, 42; 10:35; 13:18; 17:12; 19:24, 28, 36 37; 20:9 Acts 1:16; 8:32, 35 Romans 4:3; 9:17; 10:11; 11:2

16 NEW TESTAMENT REFERS TO ‘THE SCRIPTURE’ Galatians 3:8; 4:30 1 Timothy 5:18 2 Timothy 3:16 James 2:8, 23; 4:5 1 Peter 2:6 2 Peter 1:20

17 NEW TESTAMENT REFERS TO ‘IT IS WRITTEN’ Mt 2:5 And they said unto him, In Bethlehem of Judaea: for thus it is written by the prophet, Mt 4:4 But he answered and said, It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God. Mt 4:6 And saith unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down: for it is written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone. Mt 4:7 Jesus said unto him, It is written again, Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God. {tempt: or, try, or, put to trial, or, proof} Mt 4:10 Then saith Jesus unto him, Get thee hence, Satan: for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve. Mt 11:10 For this is he, of whom it is written, Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee. Mt 21:13 And said unto them, It is written, My house shall be called the house of prayer; but ye have made it a den of thieves. Mt 26:24 The Son of man goeth as it is written of him: but woe unto that man by whom the Son of man is betrayed! it had been good for that man if he had not been born. Mt 26:31 Then saith Jesus unto them, All ye shall be offended because of me this night: for it is written, I will smite the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock shall be scattered abroad. Mr 1:2 As it is written in the prophets, Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee. Mr 7:6 He answered and said unto them, Well hath Esaias prophesied of you hypocrites, as it is written, This people honoureth me with their lips, but their heart is far from me. Mr 9:12 And he answered and told them, Elias verily cometh first, and restoreth all things; and how it is written of the Son of man, that he must suffer many things, and be set at nought. Mr 9:13 But I say unto you, That Elias is indeed come, and they have done unto him whatsoever they listed, as it is written of him. Mr 14:21 The Son of man indeed goeth, as it is written of him: but woe to that man by whom the Son of man is betrayed! good were it for that man if he had never been born. Mr 14:27 And Jesus saith unto them, All ye shall be offended because of me this night: for it is written, I will smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered. {offended: or, scandalized, or, shall stumble} Lu 2:23 (As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord;) Lu 3:4 As it is written in the book of the words of Esaias the prophet, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight. Lu 4:4 And Jesus answered him, saying, It is written, That man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word of God. Lu 4:8 And Jesus answered and said unto him, Get thee behind me, Satan: for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve. Lu 4:10 For it is written, He shall give his angels charge over thee, to keep thee: Lu 7:27 This is he, of whom it is written, Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee. Lu 19:46 Saying unto them, It is written, My house is the house of prayer: but ye have made it a den of thieves. Lu 24:46 And said unto them, Thus it is written, and thus it behoved Christ to suffer, and to rise from the dead the third day: Joh 6:31 Our fathers did eat manna in the desert; as it is written, He gave them bread from heaven to eat. Joh 6:45 It is written in the prophets, And they shall be all taught of God. Every man therefore that hath heard, and hath learned of the Father, cometh unto me. Joh 12:14 And Jesus, when he had found a young ass, sat thereon; as it is written, Ac 1:20 For it is written in the book of Psalms, Let his habitation be desolate, and let no man dwell therein: and his bishoprick let another take. {bishoprick: or, office, or, charge} Ac 7:42 Then God turned, and gave them up to worship the host of heaven; as it is written in the book of the prophets, O ye house of Israel, have ye offered to me slain beasts and sacrifices by the space of forty years in the wilderness? Ac 15:15 And to this agree the words of the prophets; as it is written, Ac 23:5 Then said Paul, I wist not, brethren, that he was the high priest: for it is written, Thou shalt not speak evil of the ruler of thy people. Ro 1:17 For therein is the righteousness of God revealed from faith to faith: as it is written, The just shall live by faith. Ro 2:24 For the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles through you, as it is written. Ro 3:4 God forbid: yea, let God be true, but every man a liar; as it is written, That thou mightest be justified in thy sayings, and mightest overcome when thou art judged. Ro 3:10 As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one: Ro 4:17 (As it is written, I have made thee a father of many nations,) before him whom he believed, even God, who quickeneth the dead, and calleth those things which be not as though they were. {before him: or, like unto him} Ro 8:36 As it is written, For thy sake we are killed all the day long; we are accounted as sheep for the slaughter. Ro 9:13 As it is written, Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated. Ro 9:33 As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed. {ashamed: or confounded} Ro 10:15 And how shall they preach, except they be sent? as it is written, How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things! Ro 11:8 (According as it is written, God hath given them the spirit of slumber, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear;) unto this day. {slumber: or, remorse} Ro 11:26 And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob: Ro 12:19 Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, but rather give place unto wrath: for it is written, Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord. Ro 14:11 For it is written, As I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall confess to God. Ro 15:3 For even Christ pleased not himself; but, as it is written, The reproaches of them that reproached thee fell on me. Ro 15:9 And that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy; as it is written, For this cause I will confess to thee among the Gentiles, and sing unto thy name. Ro 15:21 But as it is written, To whom he was not spoken of, they shall see: and they that have not heard shall understand. 1Co 1:19 For it is written, I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and will bring to nothing the understanding of the prudent. 1Co 1:31 That, according as it is written, He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord. 1Co 2:9 But as it is written, Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for them that love him. 1Co 3:19 For the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God. For it is written, He taketh the wise in their own craftiness. 1Co 9:9 For it is written in the law of Moses, Thou shalt not muzzle the mouth of the ox that treadeth out the corn. Doth God take care for oxen? 1Co 10:7 Neither be ye idolaters, as were some of them; as it is written, The people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to play. 1Co 14:21 In the law it is written, With men of other tongues and other lips will I speak unto this people; and yet for all that will they not hear me, saith the Lord. 1Co 15:45 And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam was made a quickening spirit. 2Co 4:13 We having the same spirit of faith, according as it is written, I believed, and therefore have I spoken; we also believe, and therefore speak; 2Co 8:15 As it is written, He that had gathered much had nothing over; and he that had gathered little had no lack. 2Co 9:9 (As it is written, He hath dispersed abroad; he hath given to the poor: his righteousness remaineth for ever. Ga 3:10 For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse: for it is written, Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them. Ga 3:13 Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree: Ga 4:22 For it is written, that Abraham had two sons, the one by a bondmaid, the other by a freewoman. Ga 4:27 For it is written, Rejoice, thou barren that bearest not; break forth and cry, thou that travailest not: for the desolate hath many more children than she which hath an husband. Heb 10:7 Then said I, Lo, I come (in the volume of the book it is written of me,) to do thy will, O God. 1Pe 1:16 Because it is written, Be ye holy; for I am holy.

18 THE OLD TESTAMENT RECOGNISED ‘8. (38) For we have not an innumerable multitude of books among us, disagreeing from and contradicting one another [as the Greeks have], but only twenty-two books, which contain the records of all the past times; which are justly believed to be divine; (39) and of them five belong to Moses, which contain his laws and the traditions of the origin of mankind till his death. This interval of time was little short of three thousand years; (40) but as to the time from the death of Moses till the reign of Artaxerxes, king of Persia, who reigned after Xerxes, the prophets, who were after Moses, wrote down what was done in their times in thirteen books. The remaining four books contain hymns to God, and precepts for the conduct of human life. (41) It is true, our history hath been written since Artaxerxes very particularly, but hath not been esteemed of the like authority with the former by our forefathers, because there hath not been an exact succession of prophets since that time;’ Josephus, 'Antiquity of the Jews', Book 1, chapter 8, sections 38-41, 1 ST century AD

19 THE NEW TESTAMENT RECOGNISED 1 Timothy 5:18 因 為 經 上 說 ： 牛 在 場 上 踹 穀 的 時 候 ， 不 可 籠 住 他 的 嘴 ； 又 說 ： 工 人 得 工 價 是 應 當 的 Deuteronomy 25:4 牛 在 場 上 踹 穀 的 時 候 ， 不 可 籠 住 他 的 嘴 。 Luke 10:7 你 們 要 住 在 那 家 ， 喫 喝 他 們 所 供 給 的 ， 因 為 工 人 得 工 價 是 應 當 的 ； 不 要 從 這 家 搬 到 那 家 。

20 THE NEW TESTAMENT RECOGNISED 2 Peter 3:15-16 並 且 要 以 我 主 長 久 忍 耐 為 得 救 的 因 由 ， 就 如 我 們 所 親 愛 的 兄 弟 保 羅 ， 照 著 所 賜 給 他 的 智 慧 寫 了 信 給 你 們 。 他 一 切 的 信 上 也 都 是 講 論 這 事 。 信 中 有 些 難 明 白 的 ， 那 無 學 問 、 不 堅 固 的 人 強 解 ， 如 強 解 別 的 經 書 一 樣 ， 就 自 取 淪 。

21 NEW TESTAMENT BOOKS USED IN THE DIDACHE Matthew Mark Luke Acts Romans 1 Corinthians Galatians [Ephesians] [Philippians] Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy Titus 1 Peter 2 Peter James [2 John] [Jude]

22 SCRIPTURE QUOTES, CITATIONS, AND ALLUSIONS Didache 1: (Deuteronomy 6:4-5, 30:19, Jeremiah 21:8, Matthew 5:44-47, 7:12-14, 22:37-39, Mark 12:30-31, Luke 6: 27-31, Acts 20:35, Romans 12:14, 1 Peter 2:11, Titus 2:12) Didache 2: (Exodus 20:13-17; 21:22, Leviticus 18:22, Proverbs 3:29; 16:5;24:28-29, Matthew 5:43-44, John 15:13, 1 Corinthians 6:9-10; 10:8, 1 Peter 2:1; 3:10, Titus 3:1-2, James 1:8, 26-27, 1 John 3:18, Jude 22-23) Didache 3: (Exodus 16:8, Deuteronomy 18:10-12, Joshua 7:20-21, Job 31:1, Psalm 37:11, Proverbs 30:8-9, Matthew 5:5, 28; 10:16; 15:19, Romans 12:18; 14:19, 1 Corinthians 6:9-10; 10:10, Galatians 5:19-21, Ephesians 4:1 2, 31, Colossians 1:10-11, 3:8-9, 1 Thessalonians 5:22, Philippians 2:14-15, 1 Timothy 6:3-5, 2 Timothy 4:2, Titus 1:7, 1 Peter 1:10-11; 3:8, James 1:14 15, 1 John 3:15)

23 SCRIPTURE QUOTES, CITATIONS, AND ALLUSIONS Didache 4: (Deuteronomy 1:16-17; 4:12, Proverbs 22:6; 31:9, Matthew 5:23-24, Acts 2:44-25, 1 Corinthians 11:2, Ephesians 6:5-9, Colossians 3:22; 4:1, 2 Thessalonians 2:15, 1 Timothy 6:1, Titus 2:9, Hebrews 13:7, James 2:15-16; 5:16, 1 Peter 2:1, 18) Didache 5: (Matthew 15:19, Mark 7:21-22, Romans 1:23, 29, Galatians 5:19-21, Ephesians 5:3-5, Colossians 3:5, Revelation 9:21; 22:15) Didache 6: (Matthew 19:11-12, Acts 15:29; 21:25, Galatians 1:8-9, 2 John 1:10) Didache 7: (Matthew 28:19) Didache 8: (Matthew 6:5, 9-14, 16) Didache 9-10: (Matthew 6:13; 21:9, 15; 26:26-29, Luke 22:17-20, Mark 14:22-2, 1 Corinthians 11: 23-26, 1 Corinthians 10:3-4; 16:22)

24 SCRIPTURE QUOTES, CITATIONS, AND ALLUSIONS Didache 11: (Matthew 7:16-20, Galatians 1:6-9, 1 Philippians 1:27, 2 Peter 2:3, 2 John 5-10) Didache 12-13: (Deuteronomy 26:10-12, Matthew 7:16-20; 10:10, Luke 10:1-8, Acts 20:33-35, 1 Corinthians 4:12; 9:4-15, 1Thessalonians 2:5-9, 2 Thessalonians 3:6-15, 1 Timothy 5:17-18, James 3:13, 2 Peter 2:3) Didache 14: (Malachi 1:11, Matthew 5:23-24, James 5:16, Revelation 1:10) Didache 15: (Matthew 5-7; 18:15-17, Galatians 6:1, 1 Timothy 3:1-13; 5:17, Titus 1:5-9) Didache 16: (Matthew 7:15; 22:31, 24:9-13, 30-31; 26:64, Mark 13:26-28; 14:62, Luke 21:16, Acts 17:32; 20:29; 24:15, 21, 1 Corinthians 15:12-13, 21, 41, 52, Philippians 3:11, 1 Thessalonians 3:13; 4:15-16, 2 Thessalonians 2:3- 9, 2 Timothy 3:1-5, Hebrews 6:2, Revelation 1:7)

25 OLD TESTAMENT CANON RECOGNISED 170 AD: Melito (with the exception of Esther) 350 AD: Cyril of Jerusalem (included Baruch) 360 AD: Hilary of Poitiers 385 AD: Gregory Naziansus 387 AD: Athanasius 380 AD: Rufinus of Aquileia

26 OLD TESTAMENT CANON RECOGNISED 390 AD: Jerome recognises 560 AD: Cassiodorus 590 AD: Leontius Sixth century AD: The Synopsis of Sacred Scripture 650 AD: The List of the Sixty Books 730 AD: John of Damascus