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Case report 報告者:高法民 指導老師:姜智礬 營養師 報告日期:2015/10/20 Soap-1 照會 Soap-2 住院中
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Anatomy of the Colon The Chyme pass through ileocecal valve into ascending colon, Most of the water is absorbed in the ascending colon. Almost all bacterial action occurs here. The stool gradually forms in the decending and sigmoid colon. The stool is eliminated at the rectum. The cancer risks for ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum are 30%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 20%, respectively.
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Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2014;23(1):41-47
Evidence Fast-track improves post-operative nutrition and outcomes of colorectal surgery: a single-center prospective trial in China Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2014;23(1):41-47 All patients (over 18 y/o) underwent colorectal surgery. Patients in both groups received the same amount of energy ( kcal/kg·d) following surgery, but via different methods. Patients in the FT group had significant nutritional improvement, post- operative recovery and less surgery complications compared to the traditional group.
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Traditional management
Evidence Pre-operative FT management Traditional management 1.Free diet, but limitation of fibers 2.Fast solid food before 6 h and liquid food before 2 h nil by mouth (without milk or beverage with fat) 1.Nasogastric tube were routine 2.Fasting at least 8 h FT=Fast-Track
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Traditional management
Evidence Post-operative FT management Traditional management Post-operative day 1: 1.For non-hypovolemia patients, give fluid restriction to 1500 ml/d 2.With or without nasogastric tube in after 12 h 3.Early oral feeding of water or tea at 12 h, use of EN emulsion, 50% of total dose in 24 h (Total energy: kcal/kg·d) 4.No regular parenteral nutrition support 1.Nasogastric tube remain 2.Nil by mouth until flatus, sips of water if bowel passage 3.Transfuse fluid for patients about 3000 ml/kg·d until intake food 4.TPN by PICC or CVC, 1-2 ml/kg·d, 50% of total dose in 24h, total dose in 48h. 5.Oral feeding after aerocluxus, (Total energy was kcal/kg·d)
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Traditional management
Evidence Post-operative FT management Traditional management Post-operative day 2: 1. Fluid restriction to 1000 ml/d 2.100% total dose of EN in 48 h. (Total energy was kcal/kg·d) Post-operative day 3-5: 1.Fluid restriction to 500 ml/d 2.Discharge with criteria: oral drug analgesia, solid diet and no fluid transfusion 1.Nasogastric tube remain 2.Nil by mouth until flatus, sips of water if bowel passage 3.Transfuse fluid for patients about 3000 ml/kg·d until intake food 4.TPN by PICC or CVC, 1-2 ml/kg·d, 50% of total dose in 24h, total dose in 48h. 5.Oral feeding after aerocluxus, (Total energy was kcal/kg·d)
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Background Patient Information Name : 黃O妹 Gend : Female Age : 80y10m
Admission date:2015/8/18-9/5(共19天)
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Background Admission diagnosis T-colon adenocarcinoma
Patient’s medical history: 1. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus 2. Coronary artery disease 3. Hypertension 4. Cataract, s/p Phacoemulsification Admission diagnosis T-colon adenocarcinoma
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Disease history 2015/08/05 Colonoscopy was performed due to
RLQ intermittent pain Hb 9.7 indicating anemia stool OB positive GI bleeding suspected 2015/08/19 Abdominal CT showed T-colon cancer (T2N1M0) Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy 8/24~8/25 PPN 840Kcal 2015/08/24
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Disease history 2015/08/25~ 2015/08/31 Clinimix (TPN) 1350Kcal and
Fat Emulsion 550Kcal 2015/09/01 Clinimix (TPN) 1350Kcal+米湯 2015/09/02 Tried to 五分粥 2015/09/03 Tried to diabetic low residue diet 2015/09/05 Discharge
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Nutrition care
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2015/09/03 For Diabetic low residue education
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9/3 SOAP-1 S: 1.病人媳婦敘述: 飲食大多家裡煮,鮮少外食,不挑食,之前排 便正常,無便秘問題,近期較常泡薑黃蜂蜜或 蜂蜜檸檬喝,在家監測的血糖值很正常,約 130mg/dl左右
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9/3 SOAP-1 S: 2.平時飲食記錄: 早餐:燕麥(2t)+脫脂奶粉(2t)+饅頭夾蛋/三明治/吐 司X2(小黃瓜、蘋果、蛋)
午餐和晚餐:白飯(8分滿)+炒青菜(1/3~1/2碗,地瓜 葉/高麗菜/青江菜)+滷肉(1大塊)+豆腐(半塊)+魚 (晚上吃,約一份)+湯(排骨湯、蘿蔔湯、筍子湯) 炒麵或鹹粥(1碗-加高麗菜/紅蘿蔔/芹菜末+肉鬆/ 絞肉) 水餃(4~5顆)+配菜+湯
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9/3 SOAP-1 S: 3.目前飲食:五分粥 水果蘋果、奇異果、土芒果(一天約2次,2份)
點心餅乾/泡薑黃蜂蜜或檸檬蜂蜜150~200ml 營養補充品綜合維他命/合利他命/葡萄糖胺 3.目前飲食:五分粥
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9/3 SOAP-1 O:BH=146.6cm BW=63kg BMI=29.3 IBW=47.28kg ABW=51.21kg
8/24手術 2015 / 08 / 18 2015 / 08 / 25 2015 / 08 / 26 RBC(M/uL) 4.15 3.91 3.4 Hb(g/dL) 9.3 8.9 7.8 WBC(K/uL) 5.57 10.25 8.87 Alb(g/dL) 4.4 CRP(mg/dL) 11.82 UN(mg/dL) 10.2 CRE(mg/dL) 0.8 0.7 AST(U/L) 32 ALT(U/L) 43 27 Na(mmol/L) 141 135 K(mmol/L) 3.7 4.2
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9/3 SOAP-1 O: Blood sugar (mg/dL) 4:00 8/26 202 8/27 249 8/28 277 8/29
282 8/30 244 11:00 264 229 13:00 256 17:00 247 261 258 22:00 287 302 253 205 8/31 9/1 9/2 169 8/24~9/02 Insulin Regular 4U~6U TID 230 189 245 227 154 129 212 173
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9/3 SOAP-1 O: Estimated energy requirement: 1500kcal/day
Estimated protein requirement: 70g/day Energy: 1030 (BEE) x 1.2 x 1.2 = 1483 Kcal/day (約 1500 Kcal) Protein: 51.21 (ABW) x 1.3 (1.2~1.5) = g/day (約 70g)
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9/3 SOAP-1 O :Use of drugs 學名/商品名 適應症 劑量 頻率 Flomoxef Sodium 抗生素-頭孢子菌類
1000mg Q12H Metformin HCl 糖尿病 0.5 tab 500mg/tab BIDAC Acetylcysteine 減少呼吸道黏膜分泌 1tab 600 mg/tab BID Compound Opium and Glycyrrhiza Mixture 鎮咳、祛痰 5ml QID Dimethicone 解脹氣 1 tab 40 mg/tab TIDPC Acetaminophen 解熱、止痛 1 tab
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9/3 SOAP-1 O :Use of drugs 學名/商品名 適應症 劑量 頻率 Multivitamins
(含2mg vit k1) 補充維生素 4ml IF in NS 500ml QD Rosuvastation Calcium 高三酸甘油脂血症 高膽固醇血症 0.5 tab 10 mg/tab Valsartan 高血壓 1 tab 160 mg/tab Metoprolol Succinate 0.5 tab 100 mg/tab Trichlormethiazid 0.5 tab 2 mg/tab QDPC 8/24~25
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9/3 SOAP-1 O :Use of drugs 學名/商品名 適應症 劑量 頻率
Chlorpheniramine Meleate and Lidocaine Hydrochloride 皮膚癢、創傷、皮膚炎 1XX As order Bethanechol Chloride 術後非阻塞性尿儲留 1 tab 25 mg/tab TIDAC Bromazepam 焦慮狀態 0.5tab 3mg/tab IIS Lactated Ringer 水份電解質補給 500 mg QD Salbuterol Sulfate 支氣管痙攣 5ml QID
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9/3 SOAP-1 A: 1.輕度肥胖(mild obesity) 2.營養知識缺乏 3.評估平日飲食:
Estimated energy intake:1500kcal/day Estimated protein intake:55g/day
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9/3 SOAP-1 P: 糖尿病飲食原則 1.糖尿病飲食衛教 --依建議熱量,定時定量 --增加蔬菜攝取,每天至少3份
--六大類食物與含醣食物介紹 (牛奶、水果、全穀根莖類)
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9/3 SOAP-1 P: 2.低渣飲食原則 --選擇低纖維,無乳糖,軟質,清淡飲食 --漸進式增加食物攝取量
--教導食物種類選擇與烹調方式 3.忌含糖食物/飲料及調味料 4.避免食用加工食品及醃製食品 說明低渣飲食衛教內容 主食要選白米、麵條,這類纖維質較少的 青菜要去莖、去皮 水果要去皮去籽 肉選比較內的部位,不含筋、腱 可以加入豆腐、蛋一起烹煮調整質地
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9/3 SOAP-1 P: Meal Plan 早餐 午餐 晚餐 Total Veg 1 2 4 Fruit Cereal 3 9
Meat(中脂) 7 Oil 5
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9/4 SOAP-2 S: 今天有考過媳婦低渣飲食對於主食類、奶類、蔬 菜類等要注意的部分,媳婦都能回答出正確答案
媳婦並表示血糖不穩是住院後才發生的,之前在 家的血糖控制相當正常,約120~130mg/dl
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9/4 SOAP-2 S: 1.訂醫院餐(成人糖尿 低渣 軟質 1650kcal/day)
早餐:稀飯(吃完)+肉鬆(自備,2t)+青菜(2~3口)+蛋 (2~3口) 午餐:麵(<1/3碗)+肉(1/3格)+青菜(1/3格) 晚餐:稀飯(吃完)+肉鬆(自備,2t)+青菜1/3格 水果:今天都沒吃水果
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9/4 SOAP-2 O: BH:146.6 cm BW:63 kg Estimate energy requirement: 1500kcal/day Estimate protein requirement: 70g/day 2015 / 08 / 26 RBC(M/uL) 3.4 Hb(g/dL) 7.8 WBC(K/uL) 8.87 CRP(mg/dL) 11.82 Na(mmol/L) 135 K(mmol/L) 4.2
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9/4 SOAP-2 O:Blood sugar 9/3 3:52 134 9/4 4:03 140 10:59 156 10:43 173
17:12 150 17:00 111 9/2~9/12 Metformin HCl / 0.5 tab / BIDPC
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9/4 SOAP-2 O :Use of drugs 醫師開7天份 學名/商品名 適應症 劑量 頻率 Flomoxef Sodium
抗生素-頭孢子菌類 1000mg Q12H Metformin HCl 糖尿病 0.5 tab 500mg/tab BIDAC Acetylcysteine 減少呼吸道黏膜分泌 1tab 600 mg/tab BID Compound Opium and Glycyrrhiza Mixture 鎮咳、祛痰 5ml QID Dimethicone 解脹氣 1 tab 40 mg/tab TIDPC Metoclopramide HCl 幫助腸胃蠕動 1 tab 5 mg/tab TIDAC30 Acetaminophen 解熱、止痛
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9/4 SOAP-2 O :Use of drugs 醫師開7天份 學名/商品名 適應症 劑量 頻率 Rosuvastation
Calcium 高三酸甘油脂血症 高膽固醇血症 0.5 tab 10 mg/tab QD Valsartan 高血壓 1 tab 160 mg/tab Metoprolol Succinate 0.5 tab 100 mg/tab Trichlormethiazid 0.5 tab 2 mg/tab QDPC
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9/4 SOAP-2 O :Use of drugs 醫師開7天份 學名/商品名 適應症 劑量 頻率
Chlorpheniramine Meleate and Lidocaine Hydrochloride 皮膚癢、創傷、皮膚炎 1XX As order Bethanechol Chloride 術後非阻塞性尿儲留 1 tab 25 mg/tab TIDAC Bromazepam 焦慮狀態 0.5tab 3mg/tab IIS Lactated Ringer 水份電解質補給 500 mg QD Salbuterol Sulfate 支氣管痙攣 5ml QID
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9/4 SOAP-2 A: 1.輕度肥胖 2.蛋白質攝取不足 3.血糖控制不佳 4.評估今日飲食
Estimated energy intake: 860kcal/day Estimated protein intake: 34g/day 達 57% 熱量建議攝取量
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9/4 SOAP-2 P: 1.高蛋白飲食原則 --多攝取高生理價蛋白(ex:豆腐、蒸蛋) 2.食物份量概念 3.低渣飲食衛教
--不能喝乳製品,水果需去皮去籽 4.血糖控制原則 2.食物份量概念 半碗飯=一碗稀飯 4.血糖控制原則 水果盡量以原形態方式攝取,不要打成果汁 避免含醣類飲料
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9/9 SOAP-3 出院後門診追蹤 S: 早餐:吐司X2(抹海苔醬)+無糖豆漿(100ml)
午餐:米苔目(湯,約2/3碗)+(絞肉、雞絲肉、 蛋花)1.5ex +青菜(紅蘿蔔丁、青江菜葉2片) 午點:滴雞精(60ml) 晚餐:白飯(1/2碗)+蒸肉15g+蒸蛋1/2顆 水果:晚餐前,一顆水蜜桃
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9/9 SOAP-3 O: Blood sugar BH:146.6 cm BW:63 kg 9/8 7:00~8:00 122 mg/dl
9/8 18:00~19:00 158 mg/dl
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9/9 SOAP-3 O:Use of drugs 學名/商品名 適應症 劑量 頻率 門診醫師開28天份 Dimethicone 解脹氣
1 tab 40 mg/tab TIDPC Metoclopramide HCl 幫助腸胃蠕動 1 tab 5 mg/tab TIDAC30
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9/9 SOAP-3 A: 1.輕度肥胖 2.熱量及蛋白質攝取不足 3.缺乏食物份量概念 4.評估今日飲食
Estimated energy intake: 850kcal/day Estimated protein intake: 33g/day 達 57% 熱量建議攝取量
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9/9 SOAP-3 P: 1.病人術後攝食量減少,建議少量多餐 2.食物份量概念 --教導食物準備原則與種類選擇 --增加點心、蛋白質攝取
--一餐的蛋白質要一隻手掌 --一餐要吃八分滿的飯或一大碗稀飯
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9/18 SOAP-4 電訪追蹤 S: 早餐:饅頭1/2顆(抹一點點海苔醬)+肉鬆(2t)+小 籠湯包(4顆)+無糖豆漿(150ml)
早點:水果(蘋果、水梨、木瓜、水蜜桃)8分滿 午餐:一碗粥、河粉或麵線(含雞、牛、豬、滑蛋, 共約2ex) 午點:水果(芭蕉x1或小根香蕉x1)
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9/18 SOAP-4 S: 晚餐:白飯(半碗)+蒸魚(約1ex)、肉(瓜子肉,約 1ex)+紅燒豆腐(1隻手)+炒小黃瓜(4~5小塊)+絲瓜 (1碗)+湯(冬瓜湯、排骨湯)一碗 晚點:滴雞精(60ml) 病人表示排便狀況皆正常,無腹痛、腹瀉
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9/18 SOAP-4 O: BH:146.6 cm BW:64 kg Estimate energy requirement: 1500kcal/day Estimate protein requirement: 70g/day
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9/18 SOAP-4 O:Blood sugar 7:00~8:00(AC) 9/10 119 9/11 136 9/12 130
9/13 131 17:00~18:00(AC) 133 120 138 116 9/14 128 9/15 135 9/16 118 9/17 無 回診 123 127 141 剛吃完芭蕉
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9/18 SOAP-4 O:Use of drugs 學名/商品名 適應症 劑量 頻率 Dimethicone 解脹氣
1 tab 40 mg/tab TIDPC Metoclopramide HCl 幫助腸胃蠕動 1 tab 5 mg/tab TIDAC30
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9/18 SOAP-4 A: 1.輕度肥胖 2.足夠的蛋白質攝取 3.積極的營養態度 4.評估今日飲食
Estimate energy intake: 1470kcal/day Estimate protein intake: 69g/day 達 98% 熱量建議攝取量
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9/18 SOAP-4 P: 1.2~3星期後,依身體恢復情況,漸進式增加纖維 質攝取 2.當恢復正常飲食時,應以均衡飲食
糖尿病飲食原則和高纖飲食為主 3.自我血糖監控
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Conclusions 個案為新診斷之大腸癌患者,且個案原本就有糖尿病疾病, 營養師照會教導術後糖尿低渣飲食衛教,訪視時追蹤病患 的平日飲食、住院飲食紀錄及監測血糖,並且教導病患低 渣飲食的注意事項及食物份量做好血糖控制。 經過多次訪視及衛教,血糖值逐漸穩定,雖飲食方面在術 後有明顯減少,經多次訪視後目前已增加至正常攝取量, 於9/27建議病患兩星期後,若無腹痛、腹瀉等症狀,可逐 漸恢復一般飲食。
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