初中英语动词时态讲解 Fun With English! 九年级

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1 初中英语动词时态讲解 Fun With English! 九年级
青铜峡市回民中学 谢进

2 动词的构成 be 动词 助动词 情态动词 系动词 实义动词

3 be 动词 be动词的几种形式 am is are was were being Been

4 be动词的用法 与名词、数词、形容词、介词连用 I am a doctor. He is ten. They are tired.
The cat is under the table.

5 be动词的用法 There be 句型 用于不可数名词和可数名词单数之前 There is a pen on the desk.
There is some water in the glass. 用于复数名词之前 There are some sheep in the hill. 用于一般将来时 There is going to be a film in our school next Sunday. 用于一般过去时 There was a book on the desk yesterday. 注意：请根据时态和句中的名词选择适当形式。

6 be动词的用法 Be 动词在时态中的运用 在现在进行时中 在过去进行时中 We are talking.
We were talking at this time yesterday.

7 助动词 助动词的几种形式 do /don’t Does/ doesn’t Did/ didn’t will /won’t
have haven’t /has hasn’t/had hadn’t

8 助动词的用法 对句子进行否定和疑问 在反意疑问句中 在倒装句中 Do you get up early every day?
I didn’t have lunch yesterday. Will you be back soon? He hasn’t finished the work yet. 在反意疑问句中 He works in a school, doesn’t he? She has never been there,has she? 在倒装句中 They helped the farmers , so did we. I won’t visit the famous singer,neither will he.

9 情态动词 共同特点 情态动词后面跟动词原型 无论否定、疑问、倒装句、或反意疑问句都用情态动词 只有时态变化，没有人称变化

10 情态动词 解释 can / could 在表示请求允许的时候两者和互换， could比can语气更委婉。 Can I help you?
Could you open the window? 在表示有能力作某事时，could是can的过去式。 I can swim. I could swim at the age of five.

11 情态动词 解释 Must /have to Must 表示主观意愿，否定句用Mustn’t，否定回答用needn’t
I must go now. You mustn’t play in the street. Must I clean the room now? No,you needn’t. have to表示客观条件的限制的“不得不”，它有时态和人称变化，需要助动词来否定和疑问。 I don’t have to carry the big box. He had to wash his clothes.

12 情态动词 解释 May 表示请求别人允许。 May I use your bike? 表示可能性。 He may be a teacher.
He may live in this building.

13 系动词 我们所学过的系动词是 系动词只和形容词连用，构成系表结构 Get，turn，be come，be动词
感观动词look，sound，smell，taste，feel 系动词只和形容词连用，构成系表结构 I feel hungry. The day gets longer and longer. He looked happy.

14 实义动词 实义动词指的是有具体行为意思的动词。 实义动词在句中可以做谓语动词和非谓语动词。 做谓语动词的用法
动词会有四种形式：单三，现在分词，过去式，过去分词

15 实义动词 注意：掌握四种形式的变化规律 He works in the office. We are dancing together.
I caught a cold last week. She has watered the flower.

16 实义动词 做非谓语动词的用法（指出现在谓语动词之后的动词，它受前面谓语动词的限制） 动词会有三种形式： 原型(do) 动名词(doing)
不定式(to do)

17 实义动词 用原型： let sb.do make sb.do help sb.(to)do had better do

18 实义动词 用动名词： like doing enjoy doing finish doing 介词之后用动名词
be good at doing what about doing thank you for doing

19 实义动词 用不定式： want to do decide to do plan to do would like to do
learn to do tell sb.( not)to do ask sb.(not) to do

20 实义动词 注意下列词不同形式的不同用法: remember doing/to do forget doing/to do
stop doing/to do go on doing/to do

21 时态 一般现在时 一般将来时 一般过去时 现在进行时 现在完成时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时

22 一般现在时 1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用, 如： He has a brother. 2.表示普遍真理.如： The earth goes round the sun. 3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作 .如：Here comes the train. 4.在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时 . 如：I'll go with you if you are free tomorrow.

23 一般现在时 动词碰到第三人称单数时，要加 “s” work -> works
辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry -> carries 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的加“es”，如wash -> washes go -> goes do -> does have -> has

24 一般现在时 例句 He goes to school on foot every day.
We often have supper at home. She doesn’t do her work every Sunday.

25 现在进行时 结构：am/is/are + 动词的-ing形式 用法：
1.表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用时间状语有:now,at the moment 等,并常出现在祈使句的句子中,与 look, listen连用. eg. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment? Listen! She is singing in the next room. 2.表示目前阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作. eg. They are planting trees these days.

26 现在进行时 3.表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作,表示这种动作的动词有:come, go, leave, arrive, start, see等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用. eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon. 注意: 某些表示感觉或状态的动词,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用现在进行时. eg. Lucy prefers art to science.

27 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 结构： 助动词shall/will + 动词原形（shall一般用于主语是第一人称时，
否定式:主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他. 疑问式:Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+shall/will . (否)No,主语+shall/will+not … 缩写形式: 'll ==shall/will shan't== shall not won't == will not

28 一般将来时 用法: 1. 表示将要发生的动作或情况,常用时间状语有: later (on), soon,
in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等. 如. I shall be eighteen years old next year. 2.表示某种必然的趋势 如Fish will die without water. 解析： 1. 在以第一人称为主语的问句中,常用 shall 表示提议和询问情况,在以第二 人称作主语的问句中,用will 表示请求. 如. Where shall we have the meeting? Will you please lend me your pen?

29 一般将来时 2.当主语是第一人称时,用will 表示意愿.决心.允诺.命令等.
如 I will give you an English--Chinese dictionary for your birthday. 3.在时间或条件状语从句中,一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时. 如 Tom will write to me when he gets there. 4.be going to +动词原形也可表示将来时. (1).表示主观意愿.打算等. eg. He's going to learn English next term. (2).根据已有迹象,可能要发生的情况 eg. Look at the black clouds! ----It is going to rain.

30 一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时通常由动词的过 去式表示。 结构：
1.动词的第一、三人称单数用was,其他人称用were,其肯定式,否定式, 疑问式和简略回答形式与一般现在时相似。 2.行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种, 规则动词的过去式是在动 词后加-d或-ed,不规则动词参照不规则动词表,需要专门记忆。 肯定式:主语+动词的过去式 + 其他

31 一般过去时 如：I got up at six this morning. 否定式:主语 + did not + 动词原形 + 其他
如：John didn't live here last year. 疑问式:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 如：Did you see him a moment ago? 简略回答.(肯)Yes, 主语 +did (否)No , 主语 + didn't. 用法： 1.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态. 如.My father was at work yesterday. 2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often,always 等表示频度的 时间状语连用. 如，He always went to work by bus last summer.

32 一般过去时 3.和when等连词引导的状语从句连用.
如.When she reached home, she had a short rest. 4.常与表示过去的时间状语, 如… ago, yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995 等连用. 如They began the work two months ago. Were you born in 1981? Yes, I was.

33 现在完成时 动词变化 动词变成过去分词加ed 动词由have（has）+ 过去分词 构成 Play -> played
辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry -> carried 重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加ed stop -> stopped 不规则动词见书后动词表 动词由have（has）+ 过去分词 构成

34 现在完成时 表示动作已经完成 He has left . I have already had a rest. 表示动作不仅已经完成，还要持续（在这个用法当中，动词要用延续性动词，与for引导的一段时间和since引导的短语连用） He has been away for two days. I have already taught in this school since 1990. The bird has been dead for a month. We have made lots of friends since we came here.

35 过去进行时 指在过去的某一个时间正在发生的动作。 时间状语 动词由be动词+动词ing形式构成 例句
at this time yesterday at five o’clock yesterday afternoon 动词由be动词+动词ing形式构成 例句 He was watching TV at this time yesterday.

36 过去将来时 指对过去的某一个时间来讲，将要发生的动作。 动词由would+动词原型构成。 例句
He would go to the park the next day. He said he would work hard next term.

37 过去完成时 指对过去的某一个时间来讲，已经发生的动作。 动词由had+过去分词构成。 例句
she had borrowed a book before she went to the park. We had learned many new words by the end of last term.