肌学(二) 兰州大学基础医学院人体解剖教研室 January 07

肌学(二) 兰州大学基础医学院人体解剖教研室 January 07
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

第五节上肢肌第六节下肢肌第七节体表的肌性标志 January 07
第五节上肢肌第六节下肢肌第七节体表的肌性标志 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

上肢肌一、上肢带肌二、臂肌三、前臂肌四、手肌五、上肢的局部记载六、上肢筋膜 January 07

上肢带肌上肢带肌配布于肩关节周围，均起自上肢带骨，止于肱骨，能运动肩关节并能增强关节的稳固性。三角肌冈上肌冈下肌小圆肌大圆肌
肩关节屈和旋内（前部肌束）肩关节伸和旋外（后部肌束）三角肌上肢带肌冈上肌肩关节外展冈下肌肩关节旋外小圆肌大圆肌肩关节内收、旋内肩胛下肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

臂肌覆盖肱骨，以内侧和外侧两个肌间隔分割成前后两群，前群为屈肌，后群为伸肌。肱二头肌前群喙肱肌肱肌后群肱三头肌长头
短头屈肘关节、前臂旋后肱二头肌肩关节屈、内收前群喙肱肌肱肌屈肘关节长头内侧头外侧头伸肘关节，长头可使肩关节后伸及内收后群肱三头肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

前臂肌位于尺、桡骨周围，分为前、后肌群，主要运动腕关节、指骨间关节。前群共9块肌，分为四层：第一层（5块）第二层（1块）第三层
（2块）第四层（1块）肱桡肌旋前圆肌桡侧腕屈肌掌长肌尺侧腕屈肌指浅屈肌指深屈肌拇长屈肌旋前方肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

前臂肌浅层深层后群共10块肌旋后肌桡侧腕长伸肌桡侧腕短伸肌拇长展肌拇短伸肌指伸肌小指伸肌拇长伸肌示指伸肌尺侧腕伸肌
January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

手肌手的固有肌位于手的掌侧，全是短小的肌肉，作用为运动手指。手肌分为三群：外侧群中间群 ﹠ 内侧群 ﹠ ﹠ 拇短展肌拇短屈肌
拇对掌肌拇收肌 ﹠ 蚓状肌骨间掌侧肌 ﹠ 骨间背侧肌小指展肌小指短屈肌小指对掌肌 ﹠ January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

上肢的局部记载（一）腋窝（二）三角胸肌间沟（三）三边孔和四边孔（四）肘窝（五）腕管 January 07

上肢筋膜肩胛筋膜三角肌筋膜臂筋膜前臂筋膜手筋膜 January 07

下肢肌一、髋肌二、大腿肌三、小腿肌四、足肌五、下肢的局部记载六、下肢筋膜 January 07

髋肌前群又叫盆带肌，主要起自骨盆的内面和外面，跨过髋关节，止于股骨上部，主要用髋关节。分为前、后两群：腰大肌髂腰肌
使髋关节屈和旋外，仰卧起坐髂肌前群阔筋膜张肌紧张阔筋膜并屈髋关节 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

髋肌后群肌主要位于臀部，故又称臀肌。后群髋关节伸及旋外臀大肌臀中肌臀小肌梨状肌髋关节外展、旋外闭孔内肌股方肌
旋内（前部肌束）旋外（后部肌束）臀小肌后群梨状肌髋关节外展、旋外闭孔内肌股方肌髋关节旋外闭孔外肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

髋肌梨状肌和闭孔内肌、闭孔外肌 January 07

大腿肌大腿肌耻骨肌缝匠肌长收肌前群股薄肌股四头肌短收肌大收肌股二头肌半腱肌半膜肌内侧群后群屈髋关节、伸膝关节
屈髋关节、屈膝关节，使已屈的膝关节旋内前群股四头肌屈髋关节、伸膝关节耻骨肌长收肌股薄肌短收肌大收肌大腿肌内侧群髋关节内收股二头肌半腱肌半膜肌后群伸髋关节、屈膝关节 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

小腿肌小腿肌可分为三个群：前群、后群和外侧群，其中，后群强大。伸踝关节、足内翻前群伸2-5趾、足背屈伸踝关节、伸趾外侧群
胫骨前肌趾长伸肌　长伸肌前群伸2-5趾、足背屈伸踝关节、伸　趾腓骨长肌腓骨短肌外侧群屈踝关节、足外翻 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

小腿肌—后群屈膝关节、屈踝关节屈膝、小腿旋内后群屈踝关节、屈第2-5趾屈趾、屈踝关节屈踝关节、足内翻腓肠肌比目鱼肌腘肌
趾长屈肌　长屈肌胫骨后肌屈膝、小腿旋内后群屈踝关节、屈第2-5趾屈　趾、屈踝关节屈踝关节、足内翻 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

足肌足肌分为足背肌和足底肌。足背肌：趾短伸肌、短伸肌足底肌：分为内侧群、外侧群和中间群，其作用为维持足弓。
足背肌：趾短伸肌、　短伸肌足底肌：分为内侧群、外侧群和中间群，其作用为维持足弓。内侧群：　展肌拇、短屈肌、　收肌外侧群：小趾展肌、小趾短屈肌中间群：趾短屈肌、足底方肌、4条蚓状肌、3块骨间足底肌、4块骨间背侧肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

下肢的局部记载梨状肌上孔与梨状肌下孔 January 07

下肢的局部记载血管腔隙和肌腔隙 January 07

下肢筋膜阔筋膜 —— 髂胫束臀筋膜小腿深筋膜筛筋膜支持带屈肌支持带腓骨肌上支持带腓骨肌下支持带 January 07

体表的肌性标志头颈部躯干部上肢下肢咬肌、颞肌、胸锁乳突肌斜方肌、背阔肌、竖脊肌、胸大肌、前锯肌、腹直肌
三角肌、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、肱桡肌、掌长肌、桡侧腕屈肌、尺侧腕屈肌、鼻烟窝、指伸肌腱下肢股四头肌、臀大肌、股二头肌、半腱肌、半膜肌、　长伸肌、胫骨前肌、趾长伸肌、小腿三头肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

思考题桡尺近、远侧关节组成与分类，可做哪些运动，各有哪些肌肉参与？分析腹股沟管的两口和四壁与腹外侧三层扁肌的形成关系

肌学(二) 兰州大学基础医学院人体解剖教研室 January 07

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肌学(二) 兰州大学基础医学院人体解剖教研室 January 07

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Presentation on theme: "肌学(二) 兰州大学基础医学院人体解剖教研室 January 07"— Presentation transcript:

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