1 Dictionaries 參考資料： William Katz, pp.377—416 邵獻圖， pp.279—311.

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1 1 Dictionaries 參考資料： William Katz, pp.377—416 邵獻圖， pp.279—311

2 2 Scope--1 一般英文字典大概有以下八種類型： General English Language Dictionaries  Unabridged ，足本（大約涵蓋 26 萬款目）  一般桌上型（ 16 ～ 18 萬）或大學用（ 10 萬）版本 Paperback dictionaries  大約涵蓋 30000 ～ 55000 款目，便宜、攜帶方便 Historical dictionaries  介紹字詞的源由及現今發展用法

3 3 Scope--2 Period or scholarly specialized titles  針對某特定時間或地點的文字為介紹主題。 Etymological dictionaries  語源學字典，類似 Historical dictionaries ，但更強調 於字詞的分析，以及不同語言的源起發展。 Foreign language Subject works  特定學科主題詞彙定義 Other  包含俚語、簡稱、縮寫及用法等各類字辭典。

4 4 Compilation 一般英文字典的字詞語彙來源 出版社員工  大部分的出版社取用 BNC 的字彙  BNC--British National Corpus ，在網路上提供 近 3 億個字辭供查檢， http://info.ox.ac.uk/bnc/ http://info.ox.ac.uk/bnc/ 自由字典編輯（ Freelance lexicographer ）

5 5 Evaluation “Dictionaries are like watches: the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true” ~ by Dr. Johnson

6 6 給一般讀者的 10 個參考評鑑點 能提供使用者需要的詞彙、定義 收錄近幾年來的新詞、新義、新用法 定義（對應詞）、翻譯正確而少偏見 語法說明清楚、詳盡、正確 例證充足，用例恰到好處 插圖豐富，能幫助學習詞彙，掌握意思 重視口語、俚語，收錄足夠的片語、成語、慣用語 提供語用方面的說明或標籤 提供百科性、文化方面的有用知識 標榜獨一無二的特點 曾泰元。如何選擇英文詞典。在詞典的兩個世界， pp.114--117詞典的兩個世界

7 7 館員評估一般語文字詞典的重點 Authority  Merriam-Webster 、 Oxford University Press 、 Random House 、 Scott-Foresman 、 Doubleday 、 Macmillian 、 Simon & Schuster 、 Houghton Mifflin Vocabulary  Unabridged ：超過 265000 字  Abridged ： 50000~265000 字 Slang Up-to-date Format Encyclopedia material Spelling Etymologies Definitions Pronunciation Syllabication Synonyms Grammatical Information Usage

8 8 評估專科字典的要件 插圖的輔助說明是否合宜？對專門學科人 員或非本科人員有幫助？ 定義是簡單的就字義來解釋，還是有多加 說明？ 目標使用群是針對國際性？或是偏重於某 一區域？ 更新程度如何？

9 9 介紹字典的工具 Kister, Kenneth. Kister’s Best Dictionaries for Adults & Young People: A Comparative Guide. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 1992, 488 pp. $39.50 Loughridege, Brendan. Which Dictionary? London: Library Association Publishing. 1990. 177pp. $26 徐振忠。英文辭典實用指南。台北市：旺文社 民 81 。 IPL  Subject Collections  Reference  Dictionaries IPL  Subject Collections  Reference  Dictionaries LII  Ready Reference & Quick Facts  Dictionaries LII  Ready Reference & Quick Facts  Dictionaries Yahoo! 奇摩分類首頁  網路指南  參考資料  參考字典 Yahoo! 奇摩分類首頁  網路指南  參考資料  參考字典

10 10 Unabridged （足本） Dictionaries The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary  2002, 5th. ed., 3984pp. $150 Random House Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary  2003,. 2256pp. $64.95. （ +CD-ROM ） Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged.  CD-ROM （ v.3.0 ）： 2002, irregular update. $69.95. ； Print ： 2002, 3rd. Ed. 2783 pp. $129.

11 11 College Dictionaries--1 Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary  Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc.  Online ： 2000 to date. （ http://www.m-w.com ） Free. http://www.m-w.com  Print +CD-ROM ： 11th. Ed. 2003. 1623 pp. $25.95. The American Heritage College Dictionary.  Somerville, MA: Houghton Mifflin Interactive,  Online ： 2000. （ http://www.bartleby.com/61/ ） http://www.bartleby.com/61/  Print ： 4th. Ed. 2000. 2076 pp. $60.

12 12 College Dictionaries--2 The Random House Webster’s College Dictionary + Thesaurus  2000. $39.90 Webster's New World College Dictionary + Thesaurus  2003. $39.98

13 13 Desk Dictionary The Concise Oxford Dictionary  2002, 10th.ed. 384pp. $29.95 Collins English Dictionary  2003, 1888pp. £30.00 Chambers 21st Century Dictionary  1993, 1664pp. $30

14 14 ESL Dictionary ESL  English as Second Language Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary  2000, 6th. Ed. $25.95  http://www.oupp.com/elt/oald/ http://www.oupp.com/elt/oald/ Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English  2003, $26.95(+ CD-ROM)  http://www.longmanwebdict.com/ http://www.longmanwebdict.com/ Collins COBUILD New Student's English Dictionary  2002, 1088pp. £9.99 Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners  2002, 1071pp. $29.68

15 15 Children’s Dictionaries--1 Macmillan Dictionary for Children.  CD-ROM ： 2000 to date, irregular update. $60  Print ： 2001.4th. ed. 912 pp. $17.95. The World Book Dictionary  Print ： 2003, 2 vol. $99.

16 16 Children’s Dictionaries--2 Scott Foresman First Dictionary.  Glenview, Il: Scott, Foresman  2000. 832 pp. $18. Merriam-Webster‘s 系列 （均為 $14.83)  Elementary Dictionary （ 624pp. ）  School Dictionary （ 1184pp. ）  Intermediate Dictionary （ 960pp. ）  School Thesaurus （ 704pp. ）

17 17 Thesaurus/Synonyms /Antonyms --1 Roget’s Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases.  1998, 1381 pp. $19 Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English  1992, $40 The Concise Oxford Thesaurus  2002, 984pp. £17.99 Longman Essential Activator  2002, 1008pp. $24

18 18 Thesaurus/Synonyms /Antonyms --2 Theseaurus.com http://thesaurus.reference.com/http://thesaurus.reference.com/ The ARTFL Project: ROGET'S Thesaurus http://humanities.uchicago.edu/forms_unrest/RO GET.html http://humanities.uchicago.edu/forms_unrest/RO GET.html WordNet http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ Synonym Dictionary http://vancouver- webpages.com/synonyms.htmlhttp://vancouver- webpages.com/synonyms.html

19 19 Usage and Manuscript Style--1 The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th. Ed.  CD-ROM ： 1993, in Microsoft Bookshelf.  Print ： 2003, 956 pp. $55. The Columbia Guide to Online Style.  1998. 224 pp. $34; paperback, $17.50 Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage.  1989, 980 pp, $18.95 謝寶煖。 APA Style 完全上手指南 。台北市：文 華，民國 90 年 8 月

20 20 Usage and Manuscript Style--2 IPL  Subject Collections  Reference  Style & Writing Guides IPL  Subject Collections  Reference  Style & Writing Guides The Slot. http://www.theslot.comhttp://www.theslot.com 國家圖書館  知識之窗  網路資源  教育資源／論文寫作 格式 國家圖書館  知識之窗  網路資源  教育資源／論文寫作 格式 靜宜大學蓋夏圖書館  學術寫作資源 （ http://www.lib.pu.edu.tw/database/www/db-citation.htm ） http://www.lib.pu.edu.tw/database/www/db-citation.htm 中央研究院圖書館  網路資源  引用資料格式 http://www.sinica.edu.tw/~libserv/aslib/internet/internet1. html http://www.sinica.edu.tw/~libserv/aslib/internet/internet1. html

21 21 Historical Dictionaries--1 Oxford English Dictionary (OED)  Online, ： 2000 to date, http://www.oed.com Library:$795+ ， Individals:$550http://www.oed.com  CD-ROM ： 2nd ed. 1992 to date, $895  Print ： 1989, 2nd., 20 vols. $3000. The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary.  CD-ROM ： 1998. $75  Print ： 1998, 2 vols. 5th. Ed. $150. Oxford 字詞典專區 http://www.oupp.com/oeddicref/ http://www.oupp.com/oeddicref

22 22 Historical Dictionaries--2 Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 4v. http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/dare/dare.html http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/dare/dare.html Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang.  1994 to date, 3 vols. $79.95

23 23 Slang Dictionary of American Slang  1998, 3rd.ed. 640pp. $42.95 Cassell’s Dictionary of Slang  2000, 1326pp. $19.95 The Alternative Dictionaries http://www.notam02.no/~hcholm/altlang/ http://www.notam02.no/~hcholm/altlang/ A Dictionary of Slang http://www.peevish.co.uk/slang/http://www.peevish.co.uk/slang/ The College Slang Page http://www.intranet.csupomona.edu/~jasanders/slang/ http://www.intranet.csupomona.edu/~jasanders/slang/ On-line Dictionary of Street Drug Slang http://www.drugs.indiana.edu/slang/home.html http://www.drugs.indiana.edu/slang/home.html

24 24 Quotation The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations  1999,5th. Ed. 1152pp. $45  其他 Oxford 出版的版本 http://www.oup- usa.org/reference/general/quotations.htmlhttp://www.oup- usa.org/reference/general/quotations.html Familiar Quotations http://www.bartleby.com/quotations/ http://www.bartleby.com/quotations/ About.com ： Quotations http://quotations.about.com/ http://quotations.about.com/ Movie Quotes http://us.imdb.com/Sections/Quotes/ http://us.imdb.com/Sections/Quotes/ Famous Quotations http://www.famous- quotations.com/ http://www.famous- quotations.com/

25 25 Foreign Language Dictionaries （ Bilingual ） The HarperCollins Series  HarperCollins-Robert French Dictionary  HarperCollins Spanish Dictionary  HarperCollins German Dictionary Encyclopedia of Languages of Europe Dictionary of Languages Berlitz Passport to 31 Languages.  1999 to date, $30. （ CD-ROM ）

26 26 Foreign Language Dictionaries （ Bilingual ） -- 網路翻譯工具 Language Dictionaries and Translators. http://www.word2word.com/dictionary.html http://www.word2word.com/dictionary.html AltaVista translation services http://world.altavista.com/ http://world.altavista.com/ Free Translation and Professional Translation http://www.freetranslation.com/ http://www.freetranslation.com/

27 27 特殊用途字詞典 Acronyms Initialisms, and Abbreviations Dictionary Abbreviations Dictionary Acronym Finder http://www.acronymfinder.com/.http://www.acronymfinder.com/ Acronym Server http://www.ucc.ie/cgi-bin/acronymhttp://www.ucc.ie/cgi-bin/acronym Webster’s Official Crossword Puzzle Dictionary.  CD-ROM ： 1992 irregular update. $29.95  Print ： 1992. paperback, $4.99 The New Hacker’s Dictionary

28 28 網路綜合字典 OneLook Dictionaries http://www.onelook.com http://www.onelook.com Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/ http://dictionary.reference.com/ Vocabulary University http://www.vocabulary.com http://www.vocabulary.com

29 29 網路電子字典 --2 The Word Detective http://word- detective.comhttp://word- detective.com Rhymezone http://www.rhymezone.com/http://www.rhymezone.com/ Free On-line Dictionary of Computing http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/index.html http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/index.html