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英语国际音标 学习课件 曾丽影
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Ask and answer: 为什么要学习音标? ???
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作为英语老师,常常遇到这样的尴尬场面:课堂上教学生读单词,老师读一遍,学生跟着读一遍,下课布置学生们回去要认真复习单词。可是到了第二天上课,大部分同学均忘记单词是怎么读的。这样的实例常常发生在小学的中高年级段,以及初中阶段。即便是是高中、大学阶段也会出现! 为什么出现如此情况呢? 不懂国际音标!
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学习音标并不是难事, 但是 意义却非常深远!
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发音准确,说地道的英语 对于处于青少年时期的学生来说,语言上有很强的模仿能力,学习音标能帮助他们准确发音,快速提高自身听、读英语的能力。学习好48个国际音标,为日后的学习打下坚实的基础。英语在生活中说的机会比中文少得多,很多中小学生说英语像香港人说普通话一样,听他们说的英语需要伸长脖子、不断重复。学会了音标,发音地道了、纯正了,听力也随之提高。
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2. 拼读法记忆单词 很多同学老是花很多时间记单词,但又很快忘记了。原因就是靠死记硬背字母,这种死板的记忆方法是不科学的。英语的发音内在有其极为强大的规律,会了国际音标是完全可以用来背单词。记忆单词的时候,发音的规律自然产生作用,使得同学只要知道读音就基本可以拼写出单词,甚至可以自己检验单词拼写有否错误。很大程度上,能节省学生记单词的时间和不少痛苦。
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3. 提高学生的自主学习性,增加词汇量 在学生在没有学习音标之前,都是很依赖老师。老师读一个单词,同学跟着读一个,很多同学怕自己忘了就用中文或者奇怪的符号标注,但过后发现又不知怎样发音了。条件好点的学生会借助于电子词典等的学习工具。但是学会了音标可以轻松解决这些问题,更使学生的学习更主动有效。即使老师没有教你读音,自己也可以根据音标拼读出来。英语世界数十万单词,不可能每个都依赖老师,遇到不懂的单词可以通过拼读轻松把它记下来。
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4. 整体语感提高 掌握音标之后,学校的课文可以很流畅地朗读。语感也随着这样的日常训练逐步提高,对学生应对语法选择、完形填空和阅读理解等题目有一种无形的助力。
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音素和国际音标 1.什么是音素:音素是语音的最小单位。 2.音素的分类:元音和辅音。 3.音素的个数:共48个,元音音素20个,辅
音音 素28个。 4.什么是音标:记录音素的符号叫做音标。 5.什么是国际音标:国际音标是由国际语音 协会规定的一套音标,用来 记录世界各主要语言的语音。 7. 开音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e : name, bike, home, due, plane b) 辅音+元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three, hello 8. 闭音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup,let, mad, map b)元音+辅音: it,is, of, in, on, up, out, ant 9.重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
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元音和辅音的定义: 发音时声带振 动,呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍,这样形成的语音称为元音。
发音时声带振 动,呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍,这样形成的语音称为元音。 不论声带振动与否,发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍,这样形成的语音称为辅音。 发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。 发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。
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元 音 12个单元音 长元音 [a:] [ә:] [i:] [ɔ:] [u:] 短元音 [Λ] [ә] [i] [ɔ] [u] [æ] [e] 8个双元音 [ai] [ei] [ɔi] [iә ] [eә ] [uә ] [au] [әu] 辅 音 10对 清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [∫] [t∫] [tr] [θ] [ts] 浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [3] [d3] [dr] [ð] [dz] 3个鼻音 [m] [n] [η] 3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l] 2个半元音 [w] [j]
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巧记48个国际音标 单元音共十二,四二六前中后 双元音也好背,合口集中八个 辅音共计二十八八对一清又七浊, 四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音, 有声无气浊辅音,发音特点应掌握
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音标的书写 1. 音标必须写在括号里,常用的音标括号有斜头和平头两种,其 上端不顶第一线,大致与大写字母相齐,下端在第三格的中
1. 音标必须写在括号里,常用的音标括号有斜头和平头两种,其 上端不顶第一线,大致与大写字母相齐,下端在第三格的中 2. 音标没有书写体,也没有大小写,因此书写时必须和印刷体一 样,直上直下,没有斜度,其书写规格如下所列。 3. 下面几个音标是最容易写错的,一定要注意:[ai]和[au]不要写成[Ai]和[Au],[A:]不要写成[a:]。在打字的时候,不要用a来代替A,把[A:]打成[a:],也不要用g来代替G,把[GE:l]打成[gE:l]。 4. 音标没有书写体,也没有大小写,因此书写时必须和印刷体一样,直上直下,没有斜度,其书写规格如下页所列。 音标的书写
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元音音标学习 元音概述:元音是有噪音的语音。形成元音时,声带振动,气流经由咽腔和口腔逸出时,不受到任何阻碍,没有可以听得到的摩擦声。英语里共有20个元音(单元音12个,双元音8个)。 元音之间的差异,是由发音时各发音器官所采取的不同位置形成的。所谓“不同位置”,指的是舌头的高低与前后,牙床的开合程度,以及唇形的大小和圆扁。但其中决定的因素是舌头的位置:舌头是在口腔的前部、中部或者后部,决定所发的音是前元音、中元音还是后元音;舌身隆起的高度以及舌的哪一部分隆起最高,决定发出的元音是开口元音、半开元音、合口元音、还是半合元音。牙床开合的程度是由舌位的高低所决定的,而双唇的圆扁和大小对形成不同的元音也有相当的影响。因此,描述一个元音的发音部位,主要是描述它的舌位和唇形。
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元音音标学习
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Lesson 1 元音[i:] [i] [ә:] [ә] 学习 元音[i:] [I] [ә:] [ә] 学习
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[i:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea ee
e: me be she he we evening ee:sweet bee sweep sheep see sleep three green ea:meat leaf sea pea teach eat clean 根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词。 1.seat rain bean cat 2.gift feet teacher dog 3.pig star tree jeep 4.sweet sea fish the
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[i] 发这个音的字母和字母组合i e y ey ay
i: pig fish in fifteen six ship thin e: begin behind jacket basketball y: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy rainy ey: monkey money ay:Sunday Saturday Friday 根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。 1.sofa sit kick lip 2.ink gift jam ship 3.hand picture big sister 4.hot lick pig jelly
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[ә:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合er ir ur ear or
er: her serve term ir:bird girl skirt first dirty skirt shirt ur:nurse Thursday turtle purple curtain ear:early learn or: word work world 根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词。 1.thirty beer thirsty wheat 2. bank king her nurse 3.turtle bird rabbit knee 4.room run shirt term
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[ә] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ure er ar or a e
ure: picture er:teacher brother dinner father sister ar: sugar or:doctor a:panda about above camera sofa China 根据发音规则,找出发[ә]的2个单词写在后面的横线上。 1.mother sofa road smile 2.sit father sister food 3. hair deer tiger China 4.sugar soon ear leader
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音标[i:] [i] [ә:] [ә] 练习 1. 找出下列没有相同发音的词。 ( ) ①he feet bread green
( ) ②pig is dog ship ( ) ③thirty bird her food ( ) ④she big in money ( ) ⑤sweets fish teacher we ( ) ⑥teacher sister about girl ( ) ⑦tiger first work shirt ( ) ⑧tree bean clean chin ( ) ⑨father doctor skirt china ( ) ⑩happy sea sit picture 2. 读音标写单词。 [bi:] [bә:d] [si:] [swi:t] [′bizi] [hә:] [′dɔktә] [′sistә] [li:f] [hi:] 3. 连线。 meat [ә:] thirsty [i:] driver [ә] animal [i:]
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Lesson 2 音标[ɔ:] [ɔ] [u:] [u]学习 音标[ɔ:] [ɔ] [u:] [u]学习
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[ɔ:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合a aw al or oor
a: water aw:draw strawberry al:ball wall or:horse corn fork or short oor:floor door 根据发音规则,找出发[ɔ:]的1个单词写在后面的横线上。 1.tall bird bread poor 2.idea chair sport hare 3.cake bear walk cup 4.drink short bag milk
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[ɔ] 发这个音的字母和字母组合o a o: fox coffee dog shop dog doctor long a: watch 根据发音规则,找出发[ɔ:]的2个单词写在后面的横线上。 1.doctor teacher box clothes 2.cold zoo clock dog 3.love boss lot violin 4.watch beach fox girl
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[u:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo ui o: do who whose oo: food moon too
ui: fruit juice u: ruler rude 根据发音规则,找出不发[u:]的单词。 1. juice moon zoo panda 2. tooth broom eye spoon 3. head boot noodles pool 4. noon cool boot watch
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[u]发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo u o:woman wolf oo:look good book foot wood u:bull bullet 根据发音规则,选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词。 1.mouth book look pull 2.push tape sugar foot 3.wood kind wolf bull 4.bullet wood cook name
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音标[ɔ:] [ɔ] [u:] [u]练习 一.抄写音标,一个抄写10遍,一边抄写一边读。
二.找出下列没有相同发音的词。 ( ) ①moon food eat fruit ( ) ②true book wood look ( ) ③four small walk bird ( ) ④got clock shop shirt ( ) ⑤bus foot push book ( ) ⑥lost ball long ox ( ) ⑦ruler dog mooncake blue ( ) ⑧big ship horse it
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四. 写出单词或音标。 [bru:m] [dɔ:] [sit] [bә:d] [fut] [wi:] [dɔg] [′sistә] look do water good too foot clock first work sister doctor sea 五. 将下列单词与正确的音标用线连起来。 hot [blu:] football [huk] blue [ki:s] hook [futbɔ:l] kiss [hɔt]
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Lesson 3 音标[a:] [Λ] [æ] [e] 练习 音标[a:] [Λ] [æ] [e] 练习
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[a:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合a ar au ear
a: grass glass class plant dance fast father last ar: car star arm March garden dark scarf au: laugh aunt ear: heart 根据发音规则,圈出发[a:]的2个单词。 1.arm lip doctor card 2. cloud cart garden gate 3.ball scarf dark tiger 4. job lorry March park
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[Λ] 发这个音的字母和字母组合o u oo ou
o: son come colour love money u: sun nut jump gum bus brush supper us ou: touch cousin country 根据发音规则,找出每组中发[Λ]的单词。 1.hear cup bed air 2. voice boy duck ant 3.vase corn bear gun 4. cute boy money her
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[æ] 发这个音的字母和字母组合a a: dad cap cat bad apple bag flag hand rabbit ant black fat has stand rat map 根据发音规则,找出每组中发[æ]的单词。 1.rat bed face sport 2.hear cup fat pear 3.rice bat finger tree 4.sea young knife apple
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[e] 发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea e: egg bell desk leg pet ten pen ea: bread head breakfast 根据发音规则,找出每组中不发[e]的单词。 1.cat well leg pen 2.sweat map pet elephant 3.egg ten tall desk 4.bread head bed toy
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音标[a:] [Λ] [æ] [e] 练习 一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍。 [a:]: [Λ]: [æ]: [e]:____
二.选出下列没有相同发音的词。 ( ) 1. car arm food garden ( ) 2. true jump bus cut ( ) 3. bag short map flag ( ) 4. egg pen head small ( ) 5. got clock bell dog ( ) 6. rabbit book wood foot ( ) 7. rat bat apple ten ( ) 8. gun star duck moneg 三. 写出单词或音标。 [pa:st] [ru:m] [swet] [sit] [fæt] [gɔt] [cΛp] [shә:t] bag car bus bread star head
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四. 选出下列每题中元音有几种读音,有一种读音的在( )里画☆,有两种读音的画△,有三种的画◇
( ) 1. hat fast cook last ( ) 2. jeep door sun gum ( ) 3. dad cap hand map ( ) 4. star car cut from ( ) 5. skirt sheep bird her 五. 改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词 like_________________(交通工具) hat ________________(动物) lake ________________(食品) nice _______________(数字) hot _________________(用品) well _______________(用品)
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元音音标[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [au]练习
Lesson 4 元音音标[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [au]练习 音标[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [au]练习
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[ei] 发这个音的字母和字母组合a ai ay
a: cake make name game snake gate lazy ai: rain train wait ay:day May play taday way 根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发音不一样 的单词。 1.face wave sheep tail 2.grape plane name coat 3.time tape train snake 4.rain soap cake train
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[ai] 发这个音的字母和字母组合i y ie uy
i: kite bike nice tiger write knife y: by cry fly my sky try why ie:tie pie uy:buy 根据发音规则,找出每组中发[ai]的2个单词. 1.rice good jam right 2.ship mine ice-cream mouse 3.cloud sit tie eye 4.write small tennis kite
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[ɔi] 发这个音的字母和字母组合oi oy
oi: oil boil coin oy: boy toy 根据发音规则,找出每组中发[ɔi]的2个单词. 1.soil hear soy cold 2. rabbit bed boy noise 3.walk voise boil word 4. tea enjoy toy milk
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[au] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ou ow ou: house mouse mouth trousers
ow: flower cow how now down 根据发音规则,选出不发[au]的单词。 1.mouse cloud arm clown 2.teacher trousers cow mouth 3. town dance flower house 4.tower blouse now baby
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音标[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [au]练习
一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍。 [ei]: [ai]: [ɔi]: [au]:____ 二. 选出下列没有发相同发音的词 ( ) 1. cake egg rain May ( ) 2. kite cry broom fly ( ) 3. boy joy cat noise ( ) 4. blouse sun cow house ( ) 5. tower flower mouth arm 三. 读音标,将下列单词补充完整或写出字母,单 词的音标。 [klaud] [set] [kɔin] [krɔ:s] c__ __ __d s__ __ c__ __n cr__ __s [flæg] [trein] [desk] [smail] f__ __g tr__ __n d__ __ __ s__ __le Aa Kk Ii Yy hi boy cow now toy bike house my cake face how nice
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四. 把下列单词下正确的音标连接起来 bow [bau] gate [pai] tray [geit] pie [trei] poison [pɔizn] 五. 看图、填空、标号 h___t→ s__n→ e__ __s__ r→ r__l__ __→ c__k___→ m__ __th
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Lesson 5 元音音标[әu] [iә] [eә] [uә]的练习 音标[әu] [iә] [eә] [uә]的练习
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[әu] 发这个音的字母和字母组合o oa ow
o: nose rose poen over oa: boat coat soap goat ow:show window snow bowl 根据发音规则,圈出每组中发[әu]的2个单词。 1.coat goat tree river 2.make window knife road 3. your white row coat 4.boat hen nose lamp
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[iә] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ear eer
ear: ear hear tear eer: deer beer 根据发音规则,圈出每组中发[iә]的1个 单词。 1.bear beer fair tail 2.noodles pair near come 3.horse near tower air 4. ring king here three
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[eә] 发这个音的字母和字母组合air ear
air: hair chair pair ear:pear bear wear 根据发音规则,圈出每组中发[eә]的1个 单词。 1.bear idea pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb come 3.horse house tower air 4. ring king hare three
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1.clear tourist pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb fury
[uә] 发这个音的字母和字母组合oor our ure oor: poor our: tour ure: sure pure 根据发音规则,圈出每组中发[uә]的1个 单词。 1.clear tourist pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb fury 3.beard cure tower air 4. voice king pure engineer
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音标[әu] [iә] [eә] [uә]的练习
一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍。 [әu]: [iә]: [eә]: [uә]:___________ 二. 选出下列没有相同发音的词。 ( ) 1. mouth coat goat window ( ) 2. dear beer cake teacher ( ) 3. pair boy air hare ( ) 4. poor tour Europe cry ( ) 5. boat bike side fly 三. 写出单词或音标。 [nәuz] [said] [iә] [kau] [peә] [puә] [bæt] [wu:d] go ear photo deer near nose hear 五. 把下列单词与音标用线连起来。 [rәuz] theater ['θiәtә] rose [skweә] tour [tuә] square [pleisiz] places Practice
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辅音音标 辅音 爆破音: [p][t][k] [b][d][g] 摩擦音: [f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [ð]
破擦音: [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] [t∫] [t3] 鼻辅音: [m] [n] [η] 舌侧音: 1)出现在元音之前叫作清晰舌边音 2)出现在辅音及单词末尾时叫作模糊舌边音 半元音:擦音中气流较弱,摩擦较小,介于元音跟辅音之 间的音 [w] [j] [3] [∫] [h] [r] 辅音音标
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Lesson 6 辅音音标[p] [b] [t] [d]练习 辅音音标[p] [b] [t] [d]练习
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[p] 发这个音的字母和字母组合p pp p: piano panda parrot pet ship sheep pig stop pp: apple happy 根据发音规则,圈出没有发[p]的单词。 1.ship phone sleep pear 2.pick pen big pineapple 3.taxi parrot sheep pig 4.panda pony pet truck
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[b] 发这个音的字母和字母组合b bb b: book ball bird big boy bag banana bb:rubber rabbit cabbage 根据发音规则,圈出发[b]的2个单词。 1.cab gift beach love 2. pet god tub bed 3.weather boy bus make 4.rabbit read dress baby
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[t] 发这个音的字母和字母组合 t tt t: table tea taxi cat rat fat ticket Tt: butter matter 根据发音规则,圈出没有发[t]的1个单词。 1.taxi fat bag toy 2.hat ticket tea duck 3.pocket packet cat rain
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[d] 发这个音的字母和字母组合d ed d: duck seed door desk day red head bed read cold ed: smiled opened played 根据发音规则,圈出没有发[d]的1个单 词。 1.bed clothes hand 2.dog cold five 3.dance duck grape
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音标[p] [b] [t] [d]练习 一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍。 二. 选出下列没有相同发音的词 三.写出单词或音标。
( ) 1. pear ship coat pig ( ) 2. taxi bean cab cabbage ( ) 3. hat sea ticket wallet ( ) 4. seed dance hand full ( ) 5. pick pen sit pineapple ( ) 6. cold find door chair ( ) 7. cloth purple pool push ( ) 8. eat fan quiet set 三.写出单词或音标。 [pændә] [kΛt] [di:p] [klaud] apple pear rabbit read 四. 改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词。 short→_____________(衣物) sea→_________________(感官动词) pet →______________(蔬菜) ten→___________________ (动物)
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Lesson 7 辅音音标[k] [g] [s] [z]学习 辅音音标[k] [g] [s] [z]学习
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[k]发这个音的字母和字母组合c k ck c: cap cook cup car can class k: cook milk key desk kite cake ck: clock sock cock neck 从下列单词中找出一个发[sk]的单词。 1. cake car desk neck 2. mask rock ink clock 3. disk truck silk duck
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[g]发这个音的字母和字母组合g gg g: glass golf get girl bag goat flag gg: egg 根据发音规则,圈出发[g]的单词。 gas drive gum give violin bag jeans orange log bridge guess tank grade long language
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[s]发这个音的字母和字母组合s c ss ce
s: star sun snake sea see c: pencil city cedar ceiling celebrate ss: grass glass class boss ce: face race rice nice 根据发音规则,圈出每组中2个发[s]的单词。 1. whose juice lick student 2. those case scarf shoes 3. space nose science meat 4. tears piece bus nose
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[z]发这个音的字母和字母组合z s se z: zero zebra zoo s: bags photos sisters se: nose rose 根据发音规则,圈出每组中2个发[z]的单词。 1.zoo freeze lick case 2. game play busy shoes 3.dog nose rose meat 4. tears peanut eagle zero
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音标[k] [g] [s] [z]的练习 一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍。 二. 将下列没有相同发音的词找出来 三. 写出单词或音标。
( ) 1. car stay neck clock ( ) 2. gas give drive bag ( ) 3. sea boss rice cook ( ) 4. lick zoo rose zero ( ) 5. tears freeze desk busy 三. 写出单词或音标。 [rais] [nәuz] [sneik] [gra:s] __________ __________ __________ ___________ [gɔlf] [gla:s] [kɔk] [ki:] leg cake rice mouse __________ __________ __________ ___________ nose bag get kite __________ __________ __________ ___________
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四. 把下列单词与音标用线连接起来。 socks ['gigl] giggle [gәust] ghost [sɔks] face [t∫i:z] cheese [feis] 五. 根据翻译提示。 (1)Daisy is the [desk] on dancing Miss. ________________________________Daisy 小姐正在桌子上跳舞。 (2)name ['sneik] is My. ____________________________________我的名字叫做蛇。 (3)a ['bi:] I'm busy. ____________________________________我是一只忙碌的小蜜蜂。
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Lesson 8 辅音音标[∫] [3] [t∫] [d3]练习 辅音音标[∫] [3] [t∫] [d3]练习
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[∫] 发这个音的字母和字母组合s sh s: sugar sure sh: ship sheep wash cash shop she 根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发[∫]的2个单词。 1. shell ship watch desk 2. truck shirt skirt ship 3. brush carrat sheep sleep 4. hero shape street shelf
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[3]发这个音的字母和字母组合s s: television, usually, Asia measure a garage, an unusual collision; a great decision; my pleasure 根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发[3]的2个单词。 1. shell ship garage desk 2. truck shirt pleasure ship 3. brush casual sheep sleep 4. hero shape leisure shelf
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[t∫]发这个音的字母和字母组合ch tch
ch: teacher peach cherry chair tch: watch match 根据发音规则,找出下列单词中发[t∫]的单词,并抄下来。 chair dumpling beach cheese night she monkey China church these flower egg dream shark chick catch
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[d3]发这个音的字母和字母组合g j dge
g: ginger giraffe j: jump job jam ge: orange cabbage cage 根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发[d3]的单词。 egg giraffe dragon grass cabbage job gift gate orange drug jeans gun
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音标[∫] [3] [t∫] [d3]练习 一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍。 [∫]: [3]: [t∫]: [d3]: _____
二. 选出下列具有相同发音的单词。 ( )1. shell watch ship see ( ) 2. shell pleasure sick treasure ( )3. chair China Monkey dream ( )4. job gift door cabbage ( )5. grass chick start jeans 三. 写出单词或音标。 [d3æm] [pi:t∫] [∫ip] [wɔ∫] __________ ___________ _________ __________ fish sheep she catch __________ __________ __________ ___________ peach chick shoes watch __________ __________ __________ ___________
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Lesson 9 音标[f] [v] [θ] [ð]的练习 音标[f] [v] [θ] [ð]的练习
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[f]发这个音的字母和字母组合f ff ph gh f: five fan flower fish four leaf
ff: giraffe ph: phone elephant photo gh: laugh 选出下列单词中不发[f]的单词,写在横 线上。 knife flower foot fish pick get photo giraffe laugh leaf independent 独立自主
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[v]发这个音的字母和字母组合v ve v: video vase vest ve: five love violin 根据发音规则,在不发[v]的单词上打× violin move vote window van volcano white woman victory wet wave vase
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[θ]发这个音的字母和字母组合th th: three thin third teeth mouth 根据发音规则,圈出不发[θ]的单词。 1.father three maths thirsty 2. mouth throat Thursday brother 3. think thirsty mother thousand 4. thin thick they teeth
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[ð]发这个音的字母和字母组合th th: father mother brother clothes weather 根据发音规则,圈出每组中发 [ð]的1个单词。 1.than sister brother three 2. weather thank night good 3. tie look teeth they 4. thin father throat watch
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音标[f] [v] [θ] [ð]的练习 一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍。 [f]: [v]: [θ]: [ð]:______________
二. 将下列没有相同发音的词找出来 ( ) 1. foot knife pick fish ( ) 2. window move vote vase ( ) 3. three fan thousand thin ( ) 4. father them brother watch ( ) 5. finish van fool fat 三. 写出单词或音标。 ['brΛðә] [keid3] [vest] [heә] [kɔk] [ti:θ] [zi:p] [la:f] five seven foot fat mouth thirty three father 四. 选出下列每题中有几种读音。A.一种 B.二种 C.三种 D.四种 ( ) 1. foot room leaf vase ( ) 2. vest five like love ( ) 3. ship pea pick hike ( ) 4. thumb cut brother mother ( ) 5. they thin maths mouth
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辅音音标[ts][dz] [tr] [dr]的练习
Lesson 10 辅音音标[ts][dz] [tr] [dr]的练习 音标[ts][dz] [tr] [dr]的练习
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[ts] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ts tes
ts: seats goats coats cats pets eats tes: gates kites dates tastes 根据发音规则,找出发[ts]的4个单词写在后面的横线上。 sands woods boots birds hats carrats hands beds friends rats seeds kids
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[dz] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ds des
ds: seeds woods friends birds beds des: rides 根据发音规则,找出发[dz]的5个单词写在后面的横线上。 coats hands cats kites beds words pets kids seats horse sands gates
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[tr] 发这个音的字母和字母组合tr tr: tree truck trousers strawberry trick 根据发音规则,找出没有发[tr]的3个单词写在后面的横线上。 seats truck train trash tractor drink street drug trousers
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[dr] 发这个音的字母和字母组合dr dr: draw drink driver dragon dry 根据发音规则,找出每组中发[dr]的2个单词写在后面的横线上。 1. dream duck dress rain 2. rat drain drug door 3. tree treasure drawer drink 4. truck dragon dish drum
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音标[ts][dz] [tr] [dr]的练习
一. 抄写音标,一个抄写5遍。 [ts]: [dz]: [tr]: [dr]:______________ 二. 选出下列选项中具有相同发音的两个单词。 ( ) ( ) 1. dream shoes drink popcorn ( ) ( ) 2. truck thirsty bath trash ( ) ( ) 3. beds pets words gates ( ) ( ) 4. birds boots rats friends ( ) ( ) 5.drug drain rain dish 三. 写出单词或音标。 ['draivә] [train] [wuds] [kaits] [træ∫] [drɔ:] [gәuts] [‘frendz] hats its hands shirts beds birds heads tree dress try cats carrots 四. 把下列单词和音标用线连起来。 [kәuts] trousers [si:dz] coats [træ∫] seeds ['draivә] trash [trauzәz] driver
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Lesson 11 辅音音标[h][r][l][m]的练习 辅音音标[h][r][l][m]的练习
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[h]发这个音的字母和字母组合h wh h: he her head heart hair ham wh: who whose 根据发音规则, 把下列单词中不发[h]的找出来。 1. ham hat white ( ) 2. horse whale who ( ) 3. wheat hole hair ( )
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[r] 发这个音的字母和字母组合r rr wr
r: rice room ride road rose rr: mirror carrot parrot wr: write wrong wrap 根据发音规则,选出发[r]的单词,打√。 1. bread driver wrong rain worker 2. river father robot rope sister 3. write fruit rabbit crown drum
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[l] 发这个音的字母和字母组合l ll l: look light lock lucky lion tail ll: ball pull dollar tell 根据发音规则,选出每组中不发[l]的单词。 1. lamp nail flag woman ( ) 2. yellow fruit lion lychee ( ) 3. grape bull laugh lake ( ) 4. dumpling moon wheel whale( )
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[m] 发这个音的字母和字母组合m mb m: mouth mouse milk monkey moon money mum mb: climb comb thumb
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音标[h][r][l][m]的练习 一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍。 [h]: [r]: [l]: [m]:__________
二. 写出单词或音标。 [hed] [rait] [lait] [teil] [ku:l] [riη] [mu:n] [hæm] heart hair horse room school late like ball laugh noodle home ham 三. 把下列单词用线连接起来。 parrot [′pærәt] heart [lɔk] lock [ha:t] dollar [klaim] climb [′d ɔlә] 四. 读下列单词,选出发[r]音的单词,并写在下面的横线上。 white hair wrong drum father lion rabbit laugh whale roperain drive comb mirror swim 五. 将下列单词连成句子,并将音标部分写成单词。 (1) hear [rivә] I can the (2) Lilly to and langh little [krai] loves
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Lesson 12 音标[n] [η] [w] [j]的练习 音标[n] [η] [w] [j]的练习
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[n]发这个音的字母和字母组合n kn gn
n: nose net nut banana noodles train rain plane down kn: knee knife knock gn: sign 根据发音规则,找出发[n]的单词并抄下来。 1. mirror wheel yes knock 2. mall hen laugh nut 3. earrings plane wing bread
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[η]发这个音的字母和字母组合n ng n: ink bank tank finger ng: sing hang song king reading running 根据发音规则,从下列每组中找出2个发[η]的单词。 1.net ring finger meat 2. tennis mouth song swing 3. dumpling wing run nail 4. hang swim ink note
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[w]发这个音的字母和字母组合 w: winter window watch water well would wh: white where which when why wheel whale 根据发音规则,选出每组中不发[w]音的1个单词。 1. wood write wheel which 2. wheat snow wet woman 3. white window now why 4. whale water watch row
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[j]发这个音的字母和字母组合y y: yo-yo yogurt yard yes you your 根据发音规则,找出发[j]的单词写在下 面横线上。 cry you your sky yellow lorry money jelly toy boy yogurt soy
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音标[n] [η] [w] [j]的练习 一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍。 [n]: [η]: [w]: [j]: ___________
二. 写出单词或音标。 [nais] [wɔt∫] [wɔ:tә] [bæηk] [riη] [ja:d] [jip] [net] bank think nose rain swing king wet where what yard yes your 三. 把下列单词用线连起来。 knee [hæη] hang [ni:] yolk [jәuk] whale [iηk] ink [weil] 四. 在下列单词中找出发[n]音的单词并抄下来。 knock bread mirror bank nut ink plane neck row sky noodle nose boys cry water knee park he 五. 看图,根据下列所给音标填单词。 [′mΛðә] [fæn] [maus] [pi:t∫] ________ __________ __________ ___________
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语音的基本常识 1、音节的划分 一个单词的音标中有几个元音就有几个音节。 2、重读音节
任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中,有重读音节和非重读音节 ,哪一个音节重读,该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号“'”。 3、浊化音 以sp__, st___, sk___开头的单词中,清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/分别要发浊辅音/b/ /d/ /g/。 4、定冠词the的读音 e.g. the man c.f. the old man
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5、不完全爆破 爆破音[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] 后面紧跟另一个爆破音时,前面的那个爆破音只在口腔内形成阻碍,而不能完全读出。 e.g. basketball the part of the earth 6、连读 在一个短语或句子中,如果相邻两词的关系相等密切,而前一个词以辅音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,辅音和元素连在一起读。 7、意群的停顿 对于一个较长的句子,可以根据意思和结构将其分成几群,一个意群必须一口气说完。
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英语连读技巧
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1.“辅音+元音” 如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。
连读的条件:相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关,同属一个意群。 1.“辅音+元音” 如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。
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give~up take~out turn~off Take~it~easy. Bears~are fuzzy. Cats~eat fish bones. Joe bought~a book. I’m~an~English boy. It~is~an~old book. Let me have~a look~at~it. Ms Black worked in~an~office yesterday. I called~you half~an~hour~ago. Put~it~on, please. Not~at~all. Please pick~it~up. I’d like~another bowl~of rice.
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以辅音结尾的单词 + h开头的单词h不发音,与前面的辅音连读.
Tell~her I miss~her. What wil(l he) [wili]do? Ha(s he) [zi] done~it before? Mus(t he) [ti] go? Can he [ni] do it? Should he [di] ….? Tell him to ask her…. Lea(ve him) [vim].
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“r/re+元音”,如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这时的r或re不但要发/r/,而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。
for ever more over Remember it after all a matter of fact a pair of shoes answer it a pair of socks after all on your own father and son Cheer up! as far as I do it for~him.
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They’re my father~and mother.
I looked for~it here~and there. There~is a football under~it. There~are some books on the desk. Here~is a letter for you. Here~are four~eggs. But where~is my cup? Where~are your brother~and sister? The beer~is good! The author~is my brother. Please wait for me for~a moment.
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但是,如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后面的词以元音开头,也不能连读。
The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.(nearer与and不可连读)
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2.“辅音+半元音” i. 英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音,如果前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以半元音,特别是/j/开头,此时也要连读。 Thank~you. ii. 音的同化也是一种连读的现象,两个词之间非常平滑的过渡,导致一个音受临音影响而变化。 [t] [d] [s] [z]+ [j] 要发生音变:
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辅音[t]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[t∫]:[t] + [j] → [tſ ]
Nice to meet~you. Can’t~you do it? I’ll let~you know. Is that~your car? No, not~yet.
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辅音[d]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[dЗ]:[d] + [j] → [dЗ]
Did~you get there late~again? Would~you like~a cup~of tea? Could~you help me, please?
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辅音[s]与[j]相邻时, 被同化为[∫]:[s] + [j] → [ſ ]
God bless~you. Can~you dress~yourself? I miss~you.
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辅音[z]与[j]相邻时, 被同化为[З]:[z] + [j] → [З ]
How was~your vacation? He says~you’re good.
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You’re [juə] so~honest. I~am Chinese. He~is very friendly to me.
3.“元音+元音” 如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。 Do~I? You’re [juə] so~honest. I~am Chinese. He~is very friendly to me. She wants to study~English. How~and why did you come here? She can’t carry~it. It’ll take you three~hours to walk there. The question is too~easy for him to answer.
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4. 辅音+辅音 爆破音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/ 和摩擦音/f/,/v/,/W/,其中任意2个相临时,前一个音会轻音化,即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势,稍做停顿后即发后面的音。 如果这些音在词尾,也要轻音化。 Si(t) down contac(t) lens Da(d) told) me goo(d) night The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now. The bi(g) bus from the fa(c)tory is full of people. Wha(t) time does he get up every morning? This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car. The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.
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We’re going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.
What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee? It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day. You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden. I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book. I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night. -Do you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don’(t) know. The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult. He needs a lot o(f) money.
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如果前词尾辅音与后词尾辅音相同,前辅音省略。
I was× so happy. I have got× to go.→I have gotta go.(to轻音化为ta) Do~you want× to dance? →do you wanna dance? (to轻音化为na)
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不可连读的情况: 当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时,意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现,也不可连读。
Is~it a~hat or a cat?(hat与or之间不可以连读) There~is~a good book in my desk. (book与in之间不可以连读) Can you speak~English or French? (English与or之间不可以连读) Shall we meet at~eight or ten tomorrow morning? (meet与 at,eight与or之间不可以连读) She opened the door and walked~in. (door与and之间不可以连读)
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补充: I、浊化 i. [S] 后面的清辅音要浊化 discussion: [k] 浊化成 [g] stand: [t] 浊化成[d] ii. 美音中:[t] 在单词的中间被浊化成[d] 如: writer, 听起来和 rider 的发音几乎没有区别 letter—ladder out of
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Phonetics
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II. 弱读 弱读的规则一般是:元音音节弱化成 [ə] 或 比如说如下几个单词:at, of, the, to, as, than, and, or, his, a, an, but, been, for, her, we, be, shall, was, them,弱读的频率达到90%,其中a, an, the, than极少用强式。 查字典会发现这些词都至少有两种读音,如for: 重读时[fכ:] , 弱读时 [fə] I have been waiting for you for a long time. He is in the room. He has done it well. I have seen it.
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III. 意群 一个句子可以按照意义和语法结构分成几个部分,每一个部分可称为一个意群。意群通常是一个词组或短语,当然也可以是一个词或是一个句子。停顿的单位就是意群和气群,所以停顿只能落在意群结束处,不能落在一个意群的中间(各种语流音变现象,例如同化、省音、连读以及不完全爆破等,一般只发生在意群内部)。 意群的划分 正确划分意群是准确表达的关键。意群是根据语义、语法和语调这三个因素来划分的。从语义、语法上讲,意群必须是能够表达某种意思的一个词、一个短语、一个从句、一个分句或一个独立的句子;从语调上讲,意群必须是可以用降调、升调和平调来朗读的一个语调单位。意群与意群通常用符号“︱”分割。
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1 依据语义来划分意群 I’m busy. (一个句子即一个意群) She told me︱she has changed her job.(两个意群) Yesterday︱he went to New York︱by air.(三个意群) Before 1992, ︱I used to live in Australia︱and worked as a doctor. (三个意群)
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2 划分意群的主要依据是句中词与词的语法关系
偏正词组:an apple, pretty girl, railway station, study hard ; 短语:in front of the building, to see a doctor, sleeping car , long ago; 各种简短的主谓句: He looks pale. We’ve given up. He gave me a novel. I heard you singing.
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各种简短的从句: How the prisoner escaped ︱is a completely mystery.(主语从句)
The fact is ︱that nobody take it seriously. (表语从句) He asked me ︱where he can find her. (宾语从句) This is the room︱ where Jordon had ever lived.(定语从句) It’s not easy ︱as you think.(状语从句)
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如果句子很长,上述各种结构还可以按一定的规则划分成若干意群。
What can be done ︱in order to make sure ︱that no one in the world goes hungry? Unless I visit every bookstore in town, ︱I shall not know ︱whether I can get ︱what I want. We have two ears ︱and only one tongue ︱in order that we may hear more ︱and speak less. There is a great deal difference ︱between the eager man ︱who wants to read a book, ︱and the tired man︱ who wants a book to read.
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此外,意群的划分还同语速有关。同一个句子,语速快时划分出来的意群可以少些;语速慢时划分出来的意群可以多些。
Diligence ︱is the mother ︱of good fortune, and idleness︱ never brought a man to the goal︱ of any of his best wishes. Diligence is the mother of good fortune, ︱ and idleness never brought a man to the goal ︱of any of his best wishes.
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