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中考语法聚焦系列微课五 虚词·冠词 江西省遂川县教研室 刘崇江
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知识清单 冠词是一类虚词,它在句子里主要对名词起限定作用,帮助说明句子的含义,有定冠词和不定冠词两种。中考对冠词的考查主要有不定冠词和定冠词用法的区别,用冠词和不用冠词的情况。
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考点一◎不定冠词a和an的区别 不定冠词有两个:a和an,一般译为“一”。以辅音音素开头的单词前用a,以元音音素开头的单词前用an。在中考题中常考的易混淆的搭配有: 虽然以辅音字母开头,却是元音音素开头的词,开头的辅音字母不发音 an honest person一个诚实的人 half an hour半小时 虽然以元音字母开头,发音却不是元音音素 a university一所大学 a useful book一本有用的书 a European wolf 一匹来自欧洲的狼 其他 an “S” letter一个字母S an 8-year-old boy 一个8岁的男孩 ----Do you know Robert? ----Yes, he is _____B_____university student. He likes sports and runs for __________hour every morning (2013广西玉林) A. a, a B. a, an C. an, an D. an, a
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考点二◎定冠词的用法 定冠词是the,以下情况必须用定冠词: 1. 特指某(些)人或物,这些人或物通常都带有定语。
----How do you like _____C____color of my dress? ----Wonderful! I like it very much (2013重庆) A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. 用于指说话人和听话人双方都知道的人或物。 ----John, may I use your car? I want to go to the library. -----Sure. Here is _____C_____key (2013浙江湖州) A. a B. an C. the D. / 3. 用于指上文提到的人或物。 There is ____A_____American boy in our class and _______boy can speak good Chinese. (2013山东聊城) A. an, the B. an, an C. a, an D. a, the 4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级和部分比较级前。 ___A_____Great Wall is __________longest wall in the world (2013湖南益阳) A. The, the B. A, a C. The, a
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考点二◎定冠词的用法 5. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前(如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等)。
Look!There is ___A____bird flying in _________sky (2012广东) A. a, the B. a , / C. /, the D. the, the 6. 用在某些形容词前,表示一类人或物。如:the rich (富人),the poor (穷人),the deaf (聋人),the blind (盲人),the dead (死者)等。 7. 用在姓氏复数前,表示“某某一家人”或“某某夫妇”。 ___D_____Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day (2012广东) A. / B. A C. An D. The 8. 用在西洋乐器之前。 Mary was born in 1998 and she began to play ____C____guitar at the age of seven. (2013湖南长沙) A. a B. 不填 C. the 9. 用在由普通名词组成的专有名词和习惯用语中。如:the United Nations, the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace Museum, in the end, in the day, in the middle of, all the time, in the east, by the way, on the way to, the (more)…, the (more)… 等。 ----Tony, what’s _____B_____matter with you? ------I have ________toothache (2013山东莱芜) A. a, the B. the, a C. /, the D. the, /
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考点三◎定冠词和不定冠词的区别 第一次提到某人或某物,用不定冠词;在表示“前面已说过的人或物”或“说话人和听话人都知道的共同所指的人和物”的名词前,用定冠词,一般译为“这”或“那”。 I like ____C_____color of your coat. I’ll buy __________blouse like this color. (2013湖北黄石) A. the, the B. a, a C. the, a D. a , the
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考点四◎不用冠词的情况 1. 名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、疑问代词或some, any, each, every等不定代词时不用冠词
2. 复数名词表示一类人或物时和不可数名词表示种类、一般概念时不用冠词 Maria would like ___C____orange, not ________orange juice (2013湖北咸宁) A. a, the B. /, an C. an, / D. an, an 3. 在球类运动,棋类游戏、三餐前(其前有形容词修饰时例外)不用冠词 Perhaps the famous football star won’t play ___D_____football any longer. (2013上海) A. a B. an C. the D. / ----What do you usually have for ___D____breakfast? -----A piece of bread and ________egg (2013天津) A. a, an B. 不填 , the C. a, the D. 不填, an 4. 在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份、学科、节目名称前一般不用冠词 ___B___man in black is from ________England (2013广东梅州) A. The, the B. The, / C. A, / D. A, the 5. 在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。如:at noon, at work, at home, by bus, by air, on foot, from morning till night, at night, go to school, go to bed, at last等。 It is a good habit to go to ____D_____bed early and get up early (2013浙江丽水) A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 注意:在有些词组中,用冠词和不定冠词意思有较大区别。如:①in hospital(在住院); in the hospital(在医院)②in prison(在坐牢); in the prison(在监狱里)③at table(吃饭;用餐); at the table (在桌子旁)④in front of(在某个范围之外的前面); in the front of (在某个范围之内的前面)⑤take place(发生); take the place (代替)。
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