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The Factors that Affect Translation

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1 The Factors that Affect Translation
翻译(二) 影响翻译的因素 The Factors that Affect Translation 外国语言文学系 徐 雅 楠

2 翻译(一)词的翻译 一、翻译的定义 英国《牛津英汉词典》(The Oxford English Dictionary)所给的定义是:to turn from one language into another; 美国《韦氏新编国际英语词典》 (Websters Third New International Dictionary of the English Language)所写的是:to turn into one’s own or another language.

3 翻译(一)词的翻译 二、词的翻译 1、 词义选择: 2、 词义引申 (1)词义具体化引申(2) 词义抽象化引申 3、增词译
(1)语法词义(2)语境词义(3) 搭配词义 2、 词义引申 (1)词义具体化引申(2) 词义抽象化引申 3、增词译 (1)从句子结构方面考虑(2)从意义方面考虑(3)从修饰方面考虑 4、词类转译

4 翻译(一)词的翻译 三、正反译和反正译技能(结构的翻译) 1、定义 2、正反译的典型结构 too…to 3、反正译的典型结构
not…until 双重否定结构

5 翻译(一)词的翻译 Exercise: 1. The meeting will be open to the public.
2. Details of the highly sensitive information have not been made public. ( 1.n. 公众;2. a. 公开的;词意选择) 3. She looked at him with a determined air. 4. The overgrown garden gave the house a neglected air. ( 3. n.神态,样子;4. n.气氛,感觉;词意选择) 5. This game is not easily explained in a few words. (三言两语;词义具体化引申) 6. You shouldn’t let your heart rule your head. (感情,理智;词义抽象化引申)

6 翻译(一)词的翻译 7. We’re having a party on Saturday. Would you like to come? 8. I have physics class at 9:30 on Tuesdays. 9. Anna insisted on having the baby at home. (7.举行一次聚会;8.上物理课;9.生孩子;词义选择) 10. Yes, I can (go). (可以去;增词译) 11. I was afraid that I was not able to do well in my studies. ( 我害怕;词义转译) 12. I’m for a picnic by the river. (我赞成;词义转译) 13. Like fish out of water (如鱼离水般不自在;增词译)

7 翻译(一)词的翻译 14. He made good use of his time there by learning a foreign language. (好好地利用时间;词类转译) 15. Our meeting was a success. (我们的会议很成功;词类转译) 16. Just kidding. (只是开开玩笑嘛;增词译) 17. I have been deeply impressed by a number of experiences in my life. (留下深深的印象;词类转译)

8 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 经典案例赏析 1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. ------Francis Bacon

9 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 读书足以怡情,足以博采,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其博采也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。 王佐良 译

10 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 2. Able was I ere I saw Elba. 在我看到俄尔巴岛之前我是有能力的。
在我看到俄尔巴岛之前,我曾所向无敌。 不到俄岛我不倒。 弱至孤岛孤至弱。 孤至厄岛厄至孤。

11 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 3. It was a splendid population---for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home. 这是一批卓越能干的人民---因为所有这些行动迟缓、瞌睡兮兮、呆如树獭的人都留在了家乡。(余立三 译) 那是一批卓越的人---因为那些慢慢吞吞、昏昏沉沉的、反应迟钝、形如树獭的人都留在了家乡。 (杨莉藜 译) 这是一批卓越能干的人民---因为那些行动迟缓、反应迟钝、 睡眼惺忪、呆如树獭的人都留在了家乡。(章和升 译) (出来的)这帮人个个出类拔萃---因为凡是呆板、呆滞、呆头呆脑的呆子都呆在了家里。 (马红军 译)

12 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 生活案例: Example 1 兔子不吃窝边草
A rabbit never eats the grass near its cave. 好马不吃回头草 A good horse should never turn back to eat grass. 天涯何处无芳草 You can find fragrant grass everywhere.

13 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 “草”在中国所代表的含义 草:“普通”、“常见”、“低下” 草根、草民、草芥、草寇、草包、
草率、草菅人命、草草了事

14 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 英语什么词可以表示“草”的含义 中国:农业社会 英国:岛国,四面环海 fish

15 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 A loose fish (道德上)放荡不羁 的人 Drink like a fish 牛饮
Don’t teach a fish to swim. 班门弄斧

16 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 兔子不吃窝边草 Never fish in your neighbor's pond. 好马不吃回头草
If you let a fish off, you let it off. 天涯何处无芳草 She is not the only fish in the ocean.

17 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 巧妇难为无米之炊
Even the cleverest housewife can’t cook a meal without rice. Even the cleverest housewife can’t make bread without flour.

18 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 A small leak will sink a great ship. 千里之堤溃于蚁穴 小洞不堵,大船要沉

19 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 Example 2. 在《旧约 创世纪》中,有这么一句话: “Can’t you see it is an apple?” 难道你看不出这是个陷阱么? God bless you、God be with you

20 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 Are there any other examples to show the factors that affect translation? dog dragon Pandora’s box A piece of cake

21 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 影响翻译的因素 1、语境对翻译的影响: 词义语境 句子语境 段落篇章语境 情景语境

22 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 2、文化对翻译的影响 草、fish (1)历史文化差异: (2)宗教文化差异: God,菩萨 (3)人文文化差异:
rice, bread

23 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 (4)对事物的认识不同: 数字和色彩词的运用: 6、8、9,Friday
红白喜事、 weddings and funerals 对动物的理解: dog, dragon

24 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 (5)地域文化差异: 东风, a keen east wind, biting east wind
a piercing east wind O, wind, if winter comes, Can spring be far behind? Shelley Ode to the West Wind comes

25 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 翻译的标准 在翻译的标准方面,专家学者的见解更是举不胜举。最为盛行的当属清末思想家严复的“信、达、雅”三原则。
用今天的话来说,“信”(faithfulness)就是忠实准确,“达” (expressiveness)就是通顺流畅,“雅” (elegance)就是文字古雅。 严复的“信、达、雅”被公认为翻译标准,其影响深远。正是在三字标准的础上,许多学者和翻译家结合自己的丰富经验,提出了自己的独特见解。

26 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 练习:Translate the following English phrases or sentences into Chinese. 1.To go with the stream 2. Spend money like water 3. Still waters run deep. 4. A book is known in time of need. 5. Old friends and old wine are best. 6. At breakfast, eat like a king; At lunch, eat like a prince; At supper, eat like a pauper.

27 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 7. Call a spade a spade. 8. To break the ice 9. While there is life, there is hope. 10. An idle youth, a needy age. 11. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 12. A lame traveler should get out bedtimes

28 翻译(二)影响翻译的因素 Answers: 1. 随波逐流 2. 挥金如土 3. 大智若愚 4. 书到用时方恨少。
5. 姜是老的辣,酒是陈的香。/陈酒味醇,老友情深。 6. 早饭吃好,午饭吃饱,晚饭吃少。 7. 直言不讳。/有啥说啥。 8. 打破沉默 9. 留得青山在不愁没柴烧。 10. 少壮不努力老大徒伤悲。 11. 情人眼里出西施。 12. 笨鸟先飞。


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