BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 职业卫生基本原则

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1 BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 职业卫生基本原则
Day 5 第5天

2 22- CAREERS IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 22-职业卫生职业发展

3 领导力 高级：获得公认专业资格 专业 实用模块 中级：实践培训 基本原则 认知 原则：针对非专业人士的课程 认知：管理者和员工专用材料
行政管理：对专业职业环境卫生师进行领导力培训  实用模块 中级：实践培训   基本原则   认知 原则：针对非专业人士的课程 认知：管理者和员工专用材料

4 Organisation of Occupational Hygiene Services 职业卫生服务组织
The size and resources of the employing organisation. 用人单位的规模和资源 The need for specialist expertise. 对专业知识的需求。 The availability of outside help. 是否有外方帮助。

5 Role of Occupational Hygienist (1) 职业卫生师的作用 （1）
Know the workplaces, plant, processes, materials, sources of exposure and people involved. 了解工作场所、厂房、工序、材料、接触源和相关人员。 Know the legal requirements which may apply. 了解适用的法律要求。 Be well versed in the recognition of potential health hazards and their association with disease or discomfort. 善于发现潜在健康危害，以及其与疾病或不适的相关性。 Understand the derivation of the accepted hygiene standards. 了解公认卫生标准的起源。 Design appropriate environmental or biological sampling programmes. 设计适当的环境或生物采样方案。 Select, purchase, calibrate and maintain appropriate field equipment. 选择、购买、校准和维护适当的现场设备。

6 Role of Occupational Hygienist (2) 职业卫生师的作用（2）
Carry out surveys of the workplace and be aware of the limitations of such surveys. 对工厂进行调查，熟悉调查的局限性。 Evaluate the risk to health by using his professional judgment and with reference to reliable hygiene standards. 通过专业判断力，参考可靠的卫生标准来评估对健康的风险。 Apply statistical treatment to the data obtained. 对所获数据进行统计处理。 Store and retrieve data as necessary. 存储和检索数据（如有必要）。 Assess control methods by observation and measurement. 通过观察和测量来评估控制方法。 Recommend new or improved control measures to management. 向管理层推荐全新或改善的控制措施。

7 Role of Senior Occupational Hygienist 资深职业卫生师的作用
Formulating occupational hygiene policies and standards 制定职业卫生政策和标准。 Auditing and monitoring the effectiveness of the policies. 审核和监察政策的有效性。 Risk assessment of new processes, by scrutinising materials, plant designs etc and anticipating problems. 通过审查材料、厂房设计，预估问题等，对新工艺进行风险评估。 Educating and training management and workforce in occupational hygiene. 对管理层和员工进行职业卫生的教育和培训。 Supervision and professional development of hygiene staff. 对卫生工作人员进行监督，了解其专业发展。 Management of an occupational hygiene laboratory. 对职业卫生实验室进行管理。 Quality assurance of hygiene measurements and programmes. 对卫生测量和方案实施质量保证。

8 Further Roles of Hygienists 卫生师的其他作用
Coordinating data for standard setting. 对标准设定用数据进行协调。 Serving on national and international committees. 是国家和国际委员会的成员。 Liaison with many national scientific, industrial and academic bodies. 与国家科学，工业和学术机构有联络。 Commissioning or conducting research. 调试或进行研究。 Producing guidance on the whole spectrum of prevention and control issues. 对问题预防和控制提供指导。 Drafting and reviewing legislation. 编制和审核立法法规。

9 Quality Assurance 质量保证
Quality systems may be formal or informal, and will be influenced by: 质量体系可以是正式的，也可以是非正式，影响质量体系的因素包括： the size and status of the organization. 组织的规模和状态； the management structure and culture. 管理结构和文化； the calibre of staff employed. 雇员的能力； the services offered. 提供的服务。

10 Hygienists as a Manager 身为经理的职业卫生师
Managing occupational hygiene programmes - designing programmes, planning their implementation, conducting and monitoring them. 管理职业卫生项目——设计方案，规划方案实施，执行和监督方案的实施。 Managing a hygiene service - either in-house or as a consultancy, with responsibility for staff, budgeting etc. 管理卫生服务——可以通过内部管理，也可以通过顾问进行管理，负责员工事项、预算事项等。 Being part of a company's management team, advising line managers on specialised hygiene matters to meet the needs of the business. 成为公司管理层的一员，向主管经理提供专业卫生意见，以满足业务上的需求。 Changing careers - moving into an area such as marketing or line management on the strength of the abilities acquired through practising as a hygienist. 转变职业路线——转至能提高职业卫生师实践能力的新领域，如营销或管理层。

11 The Effectiveness of a Hygienist 职业卫生师的效率
It may involve: 涉及内容： influencing employees to use the control measures provided properly; 带动员工正确使用组织提供的控制措施； supervising other hygiene staff to perform optimally; or 监督其他卫生工作人员，确保其表现优良；或 influencing managers to make or support decisions. 对经理制定决策或支持决策施加影响。

12 Key Skills 关键技巧 Executive & administrative skills such as setting objectives, planning, supervision, problem solving, decision making, time management, delegation, budgeting and auditing. 行政或行政能力，诸如设定目标、进行规划、实施监督、问题解决、决策制定、时间管理、授权委托、预算编制和审计实施。 People management skills including recruitment interviewing, training and development of staff, counselling, disciplinary interviewing, team building, leadership and motivation. 人事管理能力，包括招聘面试、员工培训、员工发展、辅导教育、学科交流、团队建设、领导力和员工激励。 Communication skills like report writing, making presentations and public speaking, handling meetings, persuasion (or selling) and negotiation. 沟通能力，如撰写报告、陈述演讲、处理会议、说服（或销售）和谈判。

13 Simple Development Exercises 简单的发展练习
Attend a public meeting of a local authority to analyse how the debate is conducted and what type of arguments are effective. 参加地方政府召开的公共会议，分析如何进行辩论，哪种辩论类型有效。 Give a presentation to a hostile audience on a sensitive health topic. 向有敌对情绪的观众讲解敏感的健康话题。 Have someone track your use of time and give you feedback. 让别人监督自己的时间利用，并给予反馈 Move from a small firm to a large one (or vice versa) to experience the cultural shift. 从小公司跳槽到大公司（或从大公司跳槽到小公司），体验不同文化。