课程与编码：语言学与应用语言学 张露茜（博士） 浙江工商大学 外国语学院

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1 课程与编码：语言学与应用语言学010208 张露茜（博士） 浙江工商大学 外国语学院
Pragmatics （英语语用学） 课程与编码：语言学与应用语言学010208 张露茜（博士） 浙江工商大学 外国语学院

2 1.A Review：Branches of Modern Linguistics (回顾：现代语言学的分支)
1.Phonetics (语音学) Sounds (音) 2.Phonology (音位学) 3.Morphology (形态学) Structures (形) 4.Syntax (句法学) 5.Semantics (语义学) Meanings (意) 6.Pragmatics (语用学) A new branch (1960s or 1970s-now)

3 2. Introduction: The Importance of Pragmatics (导入：语用学的重要性)
Please ask your desk mate: “If you are ever arrested in the US, What is more important for you, what you say or how you say to the police? Why?

4 2. Introduction: The Importance of Pragmatics (导入：语用学的重要性)
“If you are ever arrested in the US, remember that what you say may not be as important as how you say it.” (Cho 2001:11).

5 3. The definition of Pragmatics （语用学的定义）
“Pragmatics is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication” (戴炜栋&何兆熊 2013:77).

6 4. Semantics vs. Pragmatics （对比语义学与语用学）
What How Meaning= An inherent property of language (语言的内在属性) + The context (Firth, 1930) of language use (考虑语言使用的语境)

7 5. Sentence Meaning vs. Utterance Meaning （对比句子意义与话语意义）
(the abstract, de-contextualized literal meaning) Semantics (The basis of utterance meaning) Pragmatics （Context） Utterance meaning (the concrete & context-dependent intension)

8 6. Group Tasks (1) Four people in a group.
To compare the sentence meaning and the utterance meaning of “It’s cold”.

9 Example：It’s cold. Sentence meaning: (BE COLD)
Utterance meaning (3 intentions)： a straight forward statement (telling others); an indirect and polite request (Would you please close the window?); a decline of someone’s request for help (I can not go outside in such cold weather.).

10 6. Group Tasks (2) A Three-step work: Finding a passage from a novel;
Choosing twenty sentences; Discussing utterance meanings of the twenty sentences with your group members

11 Homework Prepare for Group Presentations about your understanding of Pragmatics.

12 Thank you!