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ch19 The TCA Cycle 第十六組 B983B0043 陳佩怡 B983B0038 黃祺桂
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心智圖 pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Oxaloacetate (OAA) isoitrate citrate
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex pyruvate Acetyl-CoA TPP、lipoic acid、NAD+、 CoA-SH、FAD Citrate synthase Oxaloacetate (OAA) aconitase isoitrate citrate Isocitrate dehydrogenase NAD+ α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase α-ketoglutarate Succinyl-CoA TPP、lipoic acid、NAD+、 CoA-SH、FAD
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1. Tricarboxylic acid cycle
= Citric acid cycle(檸檬酸循環) = Kreb cycle 2.於真核細胞中,TCA cycle發生於粒線體內;而糖解作用則在細胞質中進行。 3.每一分子葡萄糖能產生30~38分子的ATP 4.Glucose氧化成CO2需24顆電子
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酵素: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Coenzyme: TPP、lipoic acid、NAD+、CoA-SH、FAD 此反應不可逆。 PDC由三個酵素組成 E1: E2: E3:
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輔酶 TPP: 由vitamin B1消耗ATP而形成,能幫助pyruvate 的 decarboxylation 和 α-hydroxy ketones的產生 Lipoic acid 在α-keto acids的oxidation和decarboxylation中,負責acyl-group 和電子的轉移 NAD+/NADH 由vitamin B3而來,需攜帶兩個電子 CoA-SH vitamin B5形成,功能為acyl group的活化 和 活化acyl group 的α-hydrogen FAD/FADH2 由vitamin B2而來,可接一個或兩個電子,隨pH值不同而呈不同顏色
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酵素: citrate synthase 酵素: Aconitase Isocitrate有二級醇,較citrate易被氧化
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Fluoroacetate: suicide inhibitor,與acetyl-CoA形成fluorocitrate,阻止TCA cycle,然其對分離出的TCA cycle酵素並無明顯作用
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酵素: Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Coenzyme: NAD+/NADH First oxidative decarboxylation in the cycle
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酵素: α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
輔酶: TPP、lipoic acid、NAD+、CoA-SH、FAD α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase為multienzyme complex A second oxidative decarboxylation in the cycle
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β-cleavage: α-cleavage:
發生在fructose bisphosphaste aldolase reaction in glycolysis α-cleavage: 發生在transaldolase reaction 但此反應需acetate的hydroxylation,後者非acetate的favorable reaction
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習題解說 1. 將pyruvate轉變為acetyl CoA得酵素系統為何?請說明此一反應中有哪些輔酵素參與。 (1)
Pyruvate和TPP經由pyruvate dehydrogenase 形成hydroxyethyl TPP (HETPP),釋放CO2;再由dihydrolipoyl transacetylase與lipoic acid結合後,形成acetyl dihydrolipoate;再藉由dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase與NAD+、FAD和CoASH,最後產生acetyl-CoA
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(2) 此一反應中的輔酶有五個:TPP、lipoic acid、NAD+、FAD和CoASH。 TPP: Thiamine pyrophosphate,由vitamin B1消耗ATP而形成。 Lipoic acid: 在α-keto acids的oxidation和decarboxylation負責acyl-group 和電子的轉移 NAD+/NADH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,由vitamin B3而來,需攜帶兩個電子 FAD/FADH2: Flavin adenine dinucleotide,由vitamin B2而來,可接一個或兩個電子,隨pH值不同而呈不同顏色 CoA-SH: Coenzyme A,由vitamin B5形成,功能為acyl group的活化 和 活化acyl group 的α-hydrogen
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2. 試說明lipoate之結構及其在TCA cycle中所扮演的角色?
在α-keto acids的oxidation和decarboxylation中,負責acyl-group 和電子的轉移
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