构词法 在英语中,词的构成法主要有三种: 合成、转化、派生

Presentation on theme: "构词法 在英语中,词的构成法主要有三种: 合成、转化、派生"— Presentation transcript:

1 构词法 在英语中,词的构成法主要有三种: 合成、转化、派生
高考基础语法复习 构词法 在英语中,词的构成法主要有三种: 合成、转化、派生

2 一、合成 1.合成名词 名词+名词 cowboy newspaper 名词+ing handwriting sunbathing
由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-” 连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个 词构成。 1.合成名词 名词+名词 cowboy newspaper 名词+ing handwriting sunbathing ing+名词 waiting-room sleeping-pill 形容词+名词 blackboard shorthand ……

3 一、合成 2. 合成动词: 副词+动词 overthrow uphold 形容词+动词 blacklist whitewash
名词+动词 sleepwalk sunburn 3. 合成形容词: 名词+形容词 snow-white lifelong 名词+过去分词 man-made hand made 数词+名词 one-way second-hand …….

4 二、转化: 动词 名词: taste (v.) taste (n.) It tastes good.
由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性. 动词 名词: taste (v.) taste (n.) It tastes good. It has a good taste. (2) 名词 动词: hand (n.) hand (v.) Let’s go hand in hand. Please hand in your exercise books after class. (3) 形容词 动词: clean (adj.) clean (v.) Her room is clean and tidy. She cleans her room everyday.

5 三、派生： 1.表示否定意义的前缀 由一个词根加上前缀 或后缀构成另外一个词。 dis- dishonest, dislike
in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, illegal, impossible, immoral, irregular mis misunderstand mislead non nonsense un unable, unemployment anti-, ant antiknock( 防震), antiforeigner,(排外的)

6 2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 bypath, bypass(弯路)
aboard, aside, 2)     by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路) 3) inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间，相互” international, interaction, internet mid-, 表示“中，中间” midnight, mid-autumn

7 2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 outline, outside, outward 5) out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外”
6) over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上” overlook, overhead, overboard 7)    extra-, 表示“额外” extraction （提取） 8)     fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground 9)    in-, im-, 表示“向内，在内，背于” inland, invade, inside, import

8 3.表示其他意义的前缀: 1．re--“又\,再” repeat, review, return, reunite, remarry
under-, 表示“在…..下面，下的” underline, underground, underwater 11) up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上” upward, uphold, uphill(上坡) 3.表示其他意义的前缀: 1．re--“又\,再” repeat, review, return, reunite, remarry 2. co—“联合，伴同” cooperate, coexist, co-worker 3. super—“在…上；加之” superman, supermarket

9 后 缀 名 词 例 词 -ability -age -al -an -cy -er -or -ese -ee -eer -ery -ess
例 词 名 词 -ability -age -al -an -cy -er -or -ese -ee -eer -ery -ess inability, available leakage, shortage renewal, withdrawal American, Korean privacy, accuracy farmer, thinker, painkiller actor, sailor, collector Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese employee, trustee, interviewee engineer, profiteer machinery, jewellery actress, waitress, empress

10 后 缀 名 词 例 词 -ful -ian -ist -ism -ment -ness -ship -tion -ure
例 词 名 词 -ful -ian -ist -ism -ment -ness -ship -tion -ure armful, handful, mouthful Egyptian, Russian, Asian, musician artist, pianist, communist, scientist socialism, realism, idealism government, movement, development business, illness, darkness friendship, ownership invention, liberation, education departure, failure, exposure

11 后 缀 形容词 例 词 - able -al -an -ern -est -ful -ish -ive -y -less -some
例 词 形容词 - able -al -an -ern -est -ful -ish -ive -y -less -some advisable, admirable, comfortable physical, national, political American, Italian, Australian southern, northern, eastern fattest, latest, luckiest helpful, useful, careful British, English, foolish, childish active, instructive, expensive cloudy, windy, dirty, sunny careless, useless troublesome, tiresome

12 后 缀 动 词 例 词 -(e)n -fy -ize -ate widen, strengthen, lengthen
例 词 动 词 -(e)n -fy -ize -ate widen, strengthen, lengthen simplify, beautify apologize, organize, realize activate, motivate

13 后 缀 后 缀 副 词 数 词 例 词 例 词 -ly -down -ward(s)
例 词 副 词 -ly -down -ward(s) really, badly, perfectly, truly face-down, palm-down(手掌向下地) towards, forward, outward 后 缀 例 词 数 词 -teen -ty -th fourteen, fifteen, eighteen forty, fifty, eighty fourth, fifth, eighth

14 Practice (I): book reaching lookers case new minute far class first
从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成合成词. book lookers new far first trouble ten baby over empty reaching case minute class born on handed eat sit free

15 rain(形容词) ________ agree(反义)__________
Practice (II): 按括号内的要求改写下列单词 disagree rain(形容词) ________ agree(反义)__________ nation(形容词)_______ farm(人)__________ recent(副词)________ friend(形容词)________ hope(形容词)_______ back(形容词)_________ visit(名词)__________ home(形容词) ________ eight(序数词)________ true(名词)___________ America(形容词)_______ China(形容词)________ rainy national farmer recently friendly hopeful backwards visitor homeless eighth truth American Chinese

16 Practice (III): Fill in the blanks with proper words. development
With the (1)____________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more (2)________ more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because (3)_______ air pollution. Air pollution is caused (4)_____ the following reasons: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give (5)______ poisonous gases. 25%of air pollution is caused by factories. Another (6)________ (fact) is the smokers. Smoking not only does (7) ______ to their health(8)____ also to others. Besides these, about 10% of air (9) ________ is caused by other reasons. We should take some measures to fight(10)________ pollution. New fuel can be used to replace gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the importance of environment and does something to stop the problem will be solved. and of by out factor harm but pollution against

17 Homework: 高考新课标短语 P Lesson Four