被动语态.

Presentation on theme: "被动语态."— Presentation transcript:

1 被动语态

2 学习目标 1.掌握被动语态的用法 2.掌握如何将主动语态变成 被动语态

3 英语的两大语态： 主动语态和被动语态 助动词be＋动词过去分词 被动语态的谓语构成: A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语
是谓语动词的对象。 B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的 对象)。 被动语态的谓语构成:　 助动词be＋动词过去分词

4 什么时候要用被动语态呢？ 在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态： ①不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。
②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。 ③需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态

5 主动语态和被动语态结构的转换： We clean our classroom every day. 即:、主变宾、宾变主,谓语动词变被动。”
主语 谓语 宾语 Our classroom is cleaned by us every day 结构：主动语态：主语＋谓语＋宾语 by+宾语 被动语态： 主语 be +过去分词 即:、主变宾、宾变主,谓语动词变被动。” (注:主变宾即主语变为介词by宾语)

6 [注意]①把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。且be动词和新主语保持一致。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。
　　　②如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。

7 归纳总结方法 把主动语态改为被动语态可按“ 、 、 ” 来进行。即： ①变－－－把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主
　 把主动语态改为被动语态可按“ 、 、 ” 来进行。即： ①变－－－把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主 动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。 　　②套－－－根据原句的时态套用相应时态。 　　③注意－－注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。 例：①Many people speak English. English by many people. ②He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes by him yesterday. 二套 三注意 一变 is spoken were washed

8 各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表
时 态 主动语态 被动语态 1 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+过去分词 2 一般过去时 did was/were+过去分词 3 一般将来时 will/be going to+动词原形 will/be going to+be+过去分词 4 过去将来时 would+动词原形 would+be+过去分词 5 现在进行时 am/is/are+现在分词 am/is/are+being+过去分词 6 过去进行时 was/were+现在分词 was/were+being+过去分词 7 现在完成时　 have/has+过去分词 have/has+been+过去分词 8 过去完成时 had+过去分词 had+been+过去分词 9 含情态动词 情态动词+动词原形 情态动词+be+过去分词 各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表

9 在被动语态中要注意的问题 　　一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感官动词(see, hearwatch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要补上to。如： The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day. [注意]当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时， doing保持不变。如： 　　 I saw him going into the shop.(主动) He was seen going into the shop.(被动)

10 使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表 主动语态 被动语态 使役动词 make sb do sth sb be made to do sth
go 使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表 主动语态 被动语态 使役动词 make sb do sth sb be made to do sth have sb do sth sb be had to do sth let sb do sth sb be let to do sth 感观动词 see sb do sth sb be seen to do sth watch sb do sth sb be watched to do sth hear sb do sth sb be heard to do sth notice sb do sth sb be noticed to do sth

11 把下列主动句改为被动句 ①Lily writes many letters every day. (主动)
②They visited this farm last year.（主动） ③We have learned 3000 English words so far.（主动） → Many letters are written by Lily every day. → This farm was visited by them last year. → 3000 English words have been learned by us so far.

12 把下列主动句改为被动句 1. The boy cleaned the desk a moment ago. The desk was cleaned by the boy a moment ago. 2. We will plant 2000 trees next year. 2000 trees will be planted by us next year. 3. You must keep the room clean and tidy. The room must be kept clean and tidy by you. 4. The police have caught the thief. The thief has been caught by the police. 5. The farmers are cutting down the trees on the hill. The trees on the hill are being cut down by the farmers.

13 1.She waters the flowers every day
are watered by her 2. I bought a computer last term． A computer was bought (by me) last term. 3.They do their homework after school. Their homework is done by them after school. 4.Our students mustn’t smoke cigarettes. Cigarettes mustn’t be smoked by our students. 5.Chinese people built the Great Wall many years ago. The Great Wall was built by Chinese people many years ago.

14 Fill in the blanks with the Passive Voice.
1、Tea _______ (grow) in Fujian. 2、Chinese __________ (speak) in China. 3、The bed __________ (use) for sleeping. 4、Our classroom _________ (clean) every day. 5、The cars __________ (make) in Beijing. is grown is spoken is used is cleaned are made