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项目三(3) 出口管理措施 重点 出口鼓励措施 1 出口管制措施 2
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第一节 出口鼓励措施 一、出口信贷 指一个国家的银行为了鼓励商品出口,增强商品的竞争能力,对本国出口商或国外的进口商、进口方银行提供的优惠贷款。
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出口信贷的种类 卖方信贷 (suppler’s credit) 买方信贷 (buyer’s credit) 借贷关系
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出口信贷的种类 短期 信贷 信贷 期限 长期 信贷 中期信贷
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出口信贷的特点 必须联系出口项目 利率低 贷款金额 与出口信贷担保结合
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二、出口信贷国家担保制 (export credit guarantee system)
指国家为了扩大出口,对本国出口商或商业银行向国外进口商或银行提供的信贷,由国家设立的专门机构出面担保。当国外债务人拒绝付款时,这个国家机构即按照承保的数额给予补偿。
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出口信贷国家担保制主要内容: ●担保项目与金额:政治风险(85—95%) 经济风险(70—80%) ●担保对象: 对出口厂商的担保
●担保对象: 对出口厂商的担保 对银行的直接担保 ●担保期限: 短期(6个月左右) 中长期(2—15年)
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三、出口补贴(export subsides)
直接补贴 (direct subsides) 种类 间接补贴 (indirect subsides
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四、商品倾销 间歇或 掠夺性 倾销 偶然性 倾销 1 2 种类 3 长期性倾销
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五、外汇倾销 (Exchange Dumping)
是指出口企业利用本国货币对外贬值的机会,进行商品倾销,争夺国外市场的一种特殊手段。能起到促进出口和限制进口的双重作用。
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其他国家不同时实行同等程度的货币贬值或采取其他报复性措施
五、外汇倾销 外汇倾销不能无限制和无条件地进行,只有具备以下条件才能奏效: 2 其他国家不同时实行同等程度的货币贬值或采取其他报复性措施 货币贬值的程度要大于国内物价上涨的程度 1
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六、促进出口的行政组织措施 措施 组织出口商 评奖活动 贸易 代表团互访 组织贸易 展览会 情报网 设立专门研究和制定出口战略的组织
建立商业 情报网 措施 设立专门研究和制定出口战略的组织
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七、经济特区措施 1 2 经济特区 不属于关境 一般设在交通便利的地方 经济特区提供良好设施 采取优惠政策吸引外资 3 4 经济特区的特点
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(一) 自由港(Free Port)和自由贸易区(Free Trade Zone)
七、经济特区措施 (一) 自由港(Free Port)和自由贸易区(Free Trade Zone) 把整个港口或港区所在的 城市都划为自由港 自由港 把港口或港区的所在城 市的一部分划为自由港 自由港
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自由贸易区与自由港的区别 1 2 自由度 不同 关税的 豁免不同
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(二)保税区(bonded area) 是海关所设置的或经海关批准注册的特定地区和仓库。
自1990年5月以来,中国已建成了上海外高桥、张家港、沙头角和盐田港等15个保税区。
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同:出口加工区是在自由港、自由贸易区的基础上发展起来的,它与自由港虽均为经济特区。
(三)出口加工区 (Export Processing Zone) 同:出口加工区是在自由港、自由贸易区的基础上发展起来的,它与自由港虽均为经济特区。 异:自由港或自由贸易区以发展转口贸易,取得商业方面的收益为主,是面向贸易的;而出口加工区则是以发展出口加工工业,取得工业方面的收益为主,是面向工业的。
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第二节 出口管制措施 出口管制的商品 出口管制的形式 美欧对中国的 出口管制
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出口管制的措施 一、含义 出口管制 ( Export Control ) 是指出口国政府通过各种经济和行政的措施 , 对本国出口贸易进行管制的行为。
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二、出口管制的形式 单边出 口管制 如:美国贸易管理局 形 式 多边出 口管制 如:巴统
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