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國立政治大學科技管理研究所所長 溫肇東 教授 2007.03.01
創新與創業精神 國立政治大學科技管理研究所所長 溫肇東 教授
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創新與創業精神內涵
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National Agenda Singapore Korea Italy Japan Denmark Sweden Switzerland
FACTOR -DRIVEN INVESTMENT -DRIVEN INNOVATION- DRIVEN WEALTH- DRIVEN Singapore Korea Italy Japan Denmark Sweden Switzerland U.S.A U.K. ? 出處:Porter(1990)National Advantage
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Chances of Success for a High-Tech Start-up
Idea to IPO 6 in 1,000,000 Plans to IPO 6 in 1,000 Funded to IPO 1 in 10 出處:Porter(1990)National Advantage
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----George Hicks The Asia Wall Street Journal 10/26 1995
The myth of the Asian Century The only qualities that can carry a nation to the next stage of growth are originality, inventiveness, creativity, imagination and true entrepreneurship. ----George Hicks The Asia Wall Street Journal 10/
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創新與創業精神 「過去十到十五年之間,出現於美國境內的創業型經濟型態,是近代經濟與社會史上所發生的最重要、最有希望的事件。」
彼得•杜拉克(1985) 「過去十到十五年之間,出現於美國境內的創業型經濟型態,是近代經濟與社會史上所發生的最重要、最有希望的事件。」 熊彼得 「創造性的毀滅」
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創業精神的操作性定義 「參與新事業的形成、發展與成長的心境」 「所追求的機會遠超過目前所能控制的資源」
Ed Robert(1991) : 「參與新事業的形成、發展與成長的心境」 Stevenson(2000) : 「所追求的機會遠超過目前所能控制的資源」 拍立得創辦人蘭德: 「值得解決的問題是那些看似不可能的問題」
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Timmons Model of the Entrepreneurial Process
Opportunity Team Resources Business plan Fits and gaps Communication Creativity Leadership Uncertainty Ambiguity Capital market context Exogenous forces
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AUTM Licensing Survey Name of Institution Total Sponsored Research Expenditures (million dollars) Invention Disclosures Received Total U.S. Patent Applications Filed U.S.Patents Issued Start-up Companies Formed U.C System 2,084 865 756 324 26 Johns Hopkins 1,033 355 331 106 10 MIT 727 425 316 152 31 U.W. 652 209 109 59 6 U.Ill. 568 191 95 5 U.Wis. 554 277 156 92 U.Pen. 529 223 165 50 Michigan 499 168 141 77 8 SUNY 448 186 150 72 4 Stanford 444 252 240 98
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The Entrepreneurship Implementation and Support Pyramid
Opportunity recognition Marshalling of resources in the presence of risk Building a business venture INITIATOR DEVELOPMENT TEAM CONSTITUENCY Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurial Behavior Entrepreneurism Group skill to scale up dramatically , Performance in key areas Beliefs Commitments Values Appreciation & support conducive policies Source: Marilyn L. Kourilsky,(1995)
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