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Solid state physics 固態物理

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1 Solid state physics 固態物理
本學期主要課程內容 Solid Chemical Bonding in solids Crystal structure Diffraction from crystal Crystal lattice Dynamics Thermal properties of crystal lattices Electrons in solid Free electronics in solid Electronic bondstructure of solids Motion of electrons and transport phenomena

2 Crystal structure

3 P:初基 C:底心 I:体心 F:面心

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5

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7 APF= APF= APF=0.74

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9 FCC HCP

10 C6v C4v C2v

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12

13 拉曼光譜(Laman Spectroscopy)
拉曼光譜為研究物質內部之振動(vibration)和轉動(rotation)能階之最佳工具。

14 Raman spectrum

15 在外加電場E=Eocos wt 下,物質內部分子之極化率:
: 永久偶極矩(permanent dipole moment) : 誘導之偏極化偶極矩,為二維張量。 電場造成原子核偏離平衡位置。原子位移 q

16 紅外線吸收光譜 Rayleigh彈性散射 Raman非彈性散射

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18 ◎ Optical phonon branch & Acoustical phonon branch
u, v : displacements of atoms ☆ One-dimensional diatomic linear lattice : Equs. of motion : (1) C: force constant (interacts only with its nearest neighbors) Solution : u, v : amplitudes K : wave vectors (2)

19 (3) (2) →(1) (5) (4) Homogeneous linear equations have a solution only if : (6) Solution :

20 (7) + - (8)

21 Ka << 1, (7) →(3), K → 0: optical branch: 同一種原子,相位相同 → 同一種原子像剛體一樣整體地振動, 兩種原子有完全相反的的相位(兩者保持質心不變)。 反應原胞內各原子間相對振動。 acoustical branch: 兩種原子運動完全一致,振福和相位都一樣。 反應原胞質心的振動。 離子晶體中的長波長光學波 →不同離子間相對振動有一定的電偶極矩 可以與特定波數(頻率)電磁波相互作用(共振)

22 Three dimensional lattice : (p atoms in the primitive cell)
LO : Longitudinal optical mode TO : Transverse optical mode LA : Longitudinal acoustical mode TA : Transverse acoustical mode Three dimensional lattice : (p atoms in the primitive cell) 3p degrees of freedom--- 3 acoustical branches + 3p-3 optical branches 沿不同晶格軸方向,會產生不同格波譜 Ga(111) KBr(111) One dimensional lattice : (diatomic linear lattice) degrees of freedom--- 3 acoustical branches + 3 optical branches

23 6H-SiC

24 6H-SiC


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