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How does a horseshoe bat detect a moth in total darkness?

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Presentation on theme: "How does a horseshoe bat detect a moth in total darkness?"— Presentation transcript:

1 How does a horseshoe bat detect a moth in total darkness?
6 聲波 How does a horseshoe bat detect a moth in total darkness?

2 6.1 縱波 Sonar, Seismic Waves and Ultrasound

3 6.2 聲速 Bulk Modulus:B 容積彈性模數

4 氣體、液體與固體中的聲速

5 例一 聲源的方向

6 6.3 行進聲波 Displacement amplitude of an air element 位移

7 位移與壓力

8 例二 人耳耳膜可感知的最大與最小壓力差與位移

9 destructive interference
6.4 干涉 光程差和相位差 Fully constructive destructive interference

10 例三 圓上有幾個完全建設性 干涉點? (a)λP1= 0, λP2= D =1.5λ
例三 圓上有幾個完全建設性 干涉點? (a)λP1= 0, λP2= D =1.5λ φP1 = 0, φP2= (1.5λ/λ)2π= 3π (b) N = 6 around the circle

11 6.5 強度與聲級 • 通過單位面積之平均功率 The Sound Level Intensity

12 強度隨距離之變化

13 分貝 • The Decibel Scale

14 聲級β

15 例四 The WHO –the loudest concert
The Who: 120 dB 鑽孔機 : 92 dB I1: I2 = 630!

16 6.6 音樂聲源 pipe

17 駐波與共振

18 橫笛、雙簧管和薩克斯風

19 例五 紙筒的聲音 (a) 靠近耳朵 (b) 離開耳朵

20 6.7 Beats 拍

21 6.7 Beats 拍 - II

22 7.8 The Dopper Effect (a) Detector moving; source stationary

23 頻率變化 –(a)

24 Source moving; detector stationary

25 頻率變化 – (b) (general) (low speed)

26 6.9 超聲速–震波 Mach Cone/Shock Wave Mach Number

27 例六 玩具火箭發射聲波 f = 1250Hz v = 242m/s (a) f ’ 偵測器接收的頻率
(b) f ’’ 火箭偵測到反射波的頻率

28 例七 蝙蝠和飛蛾 (a) fm when fbd = 83kHz (b) fbe when fbd = 83kHz

29 6.10光的都卜勒效應

30 例八 The M87 galaxy

31 超大黑洞

32 敬請期待 物理 VII–溫度與熱


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