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Malmquist生產力指數介紹 (Malmquist Productivity Index,MPI)

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Presentation on theme: "Malmquist生產力指數介紹 (Malmquist Productivity Index,MPI)"— Presentation transcript:

1 Malmquist生產力指數介紹 (Malmquist Productivity Index,MPI)

2 Malmquist Productivity Index
Malmquist生產力指數(Malmquist Productivity Index,MPI)係用來衡量不同時期之總要素生產力 一方面可判斷各受評單位效率之穩定性,另一方面 亦可觀察各受評單位效率值之變動趨勢 Malmquist Productivity index makes use of distance functions to measure productivity change. It can be defined using input or output orientated distance functions. This approach was first proposed in Caves, Christensen and Diewert (1982).

3 投入導向之技術效率變動與技術變動 A B P’ C P(xp,yp) Q’ Q(xq,yq) D 第p期的效率邊界 第q期的效率邊界 投入
產出 O

4 投入導向之技術效率變動 設 代表第p期的投入值及產出值,P’ 為P 在第p 期效率邊界的投射點; 代表第q期的 投入值及產出值,Q’為Q在第q 期效率邊界的 投射點 技術效率變動 當技術效率變動值>1,代表第p期到第q 期的 技術效率呈現進步。 技術效率變動又稱為追趕效果(catch-up effect) 當技術效率變動值>1,代表第p 期到第q 期的技術效率呈現進步;技術效率變動值=1,代表第 期到第 期的技術效率維持固定不變;技術效率變動值<1,代表第 期到第 期的技術效率呈現衰退。

5 投入導向之技術變動 技術變動又稱為效率邊界移動效果 (frontier-shift effects),或創新效果 (innovation effects),係反映兩個時期之 間其效率邊界的變動情況 技術變動 兩者之幾何平均數

6 Malmquist生產力指數(MPI) 將技術效率變動與技術變動之距離函數 相乘,即可得Malmquist生產力指數 (MPI)之距離函數
Efficiency change Technical change

7 Malmquist Productivity Index - Properties
當MPI>1時,代表決策單位從第p期到第q期的總要素生產力呈現進步;當MPI=1時,代表決策單位從第p期到第q期的總要素生產力維持固定不變;當MPI<1時,代表決策單位從第p期到第q期的總要素生產力呈現衰退 Malmquist productivity index is the same as the Hicks-Moorsteen index if the technology exhibits global constant returns to scale and inverse homotheticity. 3. Output-orientated and input-orientated Malmquist indexes coincide if the technology exhibits constant returns to scale. .

8 Malmquist Productivity Index - Properties
4. The Malmquist Productivity index does not adequately account for scale change. 5. The Malmquist productivity index does not satisfy transitivity property. So we need to use the EKS method to make them transitive 6. If panel data on input and output quantities are available then there is no need for price data. 7. If only two data points are available, then we need to use index number approach – may require some behavioural assumptions

9 投入導向的四個距離函數可藉由以下四個線性規劃式求得

10 Malmquist Productivity Index Using DEA
產出導向的四個距離函數,可藉由以下四個線性規劃式求得。 These four LP’s are solved under CRS assumption The technical change measure is the geometric mean of 2 technical change measures - TC0 evaluated at the period 0 data point and TC1 evaluated at the period 1 data point. Again, in a more complicated example (more inputs and/or outputs) this need not be the case. Recall that all these distance functions are CRS - hence any scale efficiency changes will affect the TEC measure.


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