定语从句.

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1 定语从句

2 定义及其作用： 定语从句是又称形容词性从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。

3 The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.
先行词 放置于名词之_____，修饰 名词的从句 后 关系词 1. 连接作用 2. 在从句中充当成分

4 修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分
1.当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。 e.g. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?

5 2.当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。
e.g. I have some books that are very good. 3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。 e.g. This is the first book that I bought myself. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.

6 4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时
e.g. Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting. 5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物. China is no longer the country that she was.

7 6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that .
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 7.在there be句型中,只用that. He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject.

8 8.当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。
e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday. 9.当先行词又有人又有物时。 e.g. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.

9 只能使用which的情况。 1、非限制性定语从句中。 e.g. Mary has a book, which is very precious. 2、在介词之后。 e.g. This is a house in which lives an old man. 3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。 e.g. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.

10 Exercises. Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns.
1. This is the only book ____ I got last year. 2. Is this the book in _______ you are interested? 3. This is the largest animal ____ Tom saw in the zoo. that which that

11 4. Rose still remembers the trees
and teachers____ exist (存在)in the mother school. 5. All the desks ____ are bought look really wonderful. 6. Do you have any money ____is used to build the factory? 7. Tom has a toy, _______was given by his father. 8. This is the second watch ____ my father bought for me. that that that which that

12 修饰人时关系代词that 和who, whom的区分。
当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。 e.g. Who is the girl that is standing over there? 在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who 或者whom。 e.g. I have a son, who is really lovely and interesting. There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.

13 关系代词whose既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词。
e.g. She is the girl whose English sounds very beautiful. Mary has a very good dog, whose hair turns out white and black.

14 Correct mistakes for the following sentences.
1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two. 2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible. 3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant? 4. She is one of the girls who is very interested in maths. whom whose that are

15 5. Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football.
6. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now? 7. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before. 8. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. likes her it who

16 关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别.

17 2.意义:as从句常是一些固定结构,(如as is known to all, as we expected, as everybody knows等,而且译为”正如….,恰如…”.) the same…as, such… as,和……一样. which从句多为对主句的一种评价看法,或者主从句之间形成一种因果关系. He failed in the exam, which made his parents angry. As we had expected, he failed in the exam.

18 关系副词when, where, why的用法以及与关系代词的区分。
关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。 e.g. I won’t forget the time when I got married. Have you still remember the days when we stayed together?

19 This is the place where we had a good time.
Is this the house where Mr Smith lives? I don’t know the reason why he won’t join us. Do you know the reason why he didn’t come to sweep the classroom?

20 关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。请比较以下句子：
This is the park that we visited last year. This is the park where we held a birthday party. She won’t forget the days that she spent on the island.

21 She won’t forget the days when they stayed together.
That’s the date when we went to the college. That’s the date that she won’t forget for ever. I like the time when we lived together. I like the time that we had together.

22 Exercises. Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs. 1. Is this the room ____ you cleaned last time? 2. Is this the room _______ we lived before? 3. This is the garden ______ they stayed for a night. 4. This is the garden ____ they visited last time. that where where that

23 5. Tom has forgotten the day ______ he left his home.
6. Tom has forgotten the day ____ I told him last day. 7. She still remembers the year ____ she found her first job. 8. She still remembers the year ____ she spent in Jining. when that when that

24 关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。

25 e.g. 1. I won’t forget the date when (on which) I was born.
2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3. I don’t know the reason why (for which) he haven’t come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.

26 1. Is this the room _____ we spent our childhood?
2. This dictionary is the second one _____ I bought in the shop. 3. I still remember the date _____ I went to Nanjing for the first time. 4. Tom is thinking about the grass and the persons ____ he saw in the yard.

27 5. There are 100 old men in the street, some of ____ are drinking tea.
6. Do you know the days _____ you spent on English? 7. All the books ____are on the shelf belong to Mary. 8. Are you satisfied with the park ____ you visited last time? 9. ____ we all know, the building will soon be destroyed. 10. I have the same book _____ she has.

28 Thank you!