WHAT从句(1).

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1 WHAT从句(1)

2 WHAT从句实际上是属于名词从句,由于不少读者对其译法感到困难,所以我们对其单独加以讲解，主要涉及到汉译时如何表达其含义的问题。
一、普通情况 1、“what”是一个疑问代词，译成“什么；什么样的；哪个[本; ...]；哪些”或“多大[的](表示尺寸、大小、数值)” (1)“what”在从句中起形容词作用，作定语 It was not clear(清楚的) what effect(影响) the ionosphere(电离层) has on radio waves(无线电波).

3 It is not known in advance(事先) by what likenesses(类似性) the ordering([元素]排列顺序) should be done.
It is necessary to know what units(单位) are used for measuring(测量) the quantity(量) of heat. We need to know what force will be exerted(施加) on charge(电荷) A. It is necessary to determine(确定) under what conditions(条件) the following(下面的) equation(等式) holds(成立).

4 It does not matter(有关系) in what direction you traverse(走) the loop(回路) when applying(应用) KVL(基氏电压定律). We begin this chapter(章) by considering(考虑) what kinds of quantities(量) are commonly(通常) measured(测量) in the chemistry(化学) laboratory(实验室). (2)“what”在从句中起名词作用 We must understand what is meant(意味) by convergence (收敛). This book tells(告诉) what circuits(电路) are and what we do with them.

5 It is necessary to understand(懂得) what inertia(惯性) is.
We must find(求) what that angle(角) is. We must determine what the energy required(需要) for this purpose(目的) is. Having defined(定义) the coulomb(库伦) as a unit of charge(电荷), we are able to ask what is the value of the constant(常数) k in Coulomb’s law(库仑定律). This information(信息) enables(使能) us to understand what the function(功能) of this device(器件) is.