感谢中国生物多样性保护与绿色发展基金会秘书长周晋峰博士的指导

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1 感谢中国生物多样性保护与绿色发展基金会秘书长周晋峰博士的指导
#IPBES7 Plenary Summary for Policy Makers (SPM) – A Discussion With Key Stakeholders 巴黎#IPBES7 大会“全球评估”之“决策者摘要” ——一场与关键利益攸关者的讨论 1898 Café, Beijing, June 5, 2019 Under the Guidance of Dr. Zhou Jinfeng, Secretary-General, China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation (CBCGDF) 感谢中国生物多样性保护与绿色发展基金会秘书长周晋峰博士的指导 All materials presented are available at: 相关资料可点击链接查询：

2 Harmony in distress 痛苦中的和谐
IPBES CONTEXT Our world, and our challenges, 5 June 2019 IPBES的背景 我们的世界和挑战，2019年5月30日 Climate Change 气候变化 Malnutrition 营养不良 Pandemics and AMR 流行病与抗菌素耐药性 Biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse 生物多样性丧失与生态系统崩溃 Harmony in distress 痛苦中的和谐

3 NOTHING MATTERS UNTIL IT BECOMES PERSONAL 没有什么大不了的事情 直到它变成 自己的问题

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5 的使命 “生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台”（IPBES）
The objective of IPBES is to strengthen the science-policy interface for biodiversity and ecosystem services for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, long-term human well-being and sustainable development. IPBES的目标是加强生物多样性和生态系统服务科学政策的互动机制, 以保护和可持续利用生物多样性、人类长期的福祉和可持续发展。

6 IPBES的4个功能 IPBES 设有四项商定的功能： 评估: 提供全球、区域和专题评估, 并促进和推动对次全球评估的支持
政策支持工具: 确定与政策相关的工具方法, 促进其使用, 并促进和推动其进一步发展 能力建设: 优先考虑关键的能力建设需求, 并为优先需求提供和呼吁提供财政和其它支持 知识生成: 确定决策者的知识需求, 并促进创造新知识的努力

7 “生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台”（英文简称IPBES）
INTERGOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE-POLICY PLATFORM ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (IPBES) “生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台”（英文简称IPBES） Nature is declining globally at rates unprecedented in human history -- and the rate of species extinctions is accelerating, with grave impacts on people around the world now likely, warns a landmark new report from the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), the summary of which was approved at the 7th session of the IPBES Plenary, meeting last week (29 April - 4 May) in Paris. 政府间科学政策平台（IPBES）的一份具有里程碑意义的新报告警告说, 全球的自然界正在以人类历史上前所未有的速度衰退, 物种灭绝的速度正在加快, 现在可能对世界各地的人产生严重影响。该报告的决策者摘要（SPM）于2019年4月29日至5月4日在巴黎举行的IPBES全体大会第七次会议（#IPBES7）上获得核准通过。 ”

8 "The overwhelming evidence of the IPBES Global Assessment, from a wide range of different fields of knowledge, presents an ominous picture," said IPBES Chair, Sir Robert Watson. "The health of ecosystems on which we and all other species depend is deteriorating more rapidly than ever. We are eroding the very foundations of our economies, livelihoods, food security, health and quality of life worldwide.“ “IPBES全球评估的绝大多数证据来自各种不同的知识领域，呈现出不祥的景象，”IPBES前主席罗伯特·沃特森（Robert Watson）爵士说，“我们和所有其他物种所依赖的生态系统的健康状况正在以前所未有的速度恶化。我们正在侵蚀我们的经济，生计，粮食安全，健康和全球生活质量的基础。”

9 "The Report also tells us that it is not too late to make a difference, but only if we start now at every level from local to global," he said. "Through 'transformative change', nature can still be conserved, restored and used sustainably - this is also key to meeting most other global goals. By transformative change, we mean a fundamental, system-wide reorganization across technological, economic and social factors, including paradigms, goals and values.“ “‘报告’还告诉我们，要做出改变还为时不晚，但只有我们现在从地方到全球各个层面开始，”罗伯特·沃特森爵士说。 “通过‘变革性变革’，自然仍然可以得到保护，恢复和可持续利用 - 这也是实现大多数其他全球目标的关键。通过变革，我们指的是跨技术，经济和社会因素的全系统的基础性重组， 包括范式，目标和价值观。

10 INTERGOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE-POLICY PLATFORM ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (IPBES) 2
The IPBES Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services is the most comprehensive ever completed. It is the first intergovernmental Report of its kind and builds on the landmark Millennium Ecosystem Assessment of 2005, introducing innovative ways of evaluating evidence. IPBES平台的《生物多样性和生态系统服务全球评估》报告是有史以来最全面的。 这是第一份此类的政府间报告，以2005年具有里程碑意义的千年生态系统评估为基础，引入了创新的证据评估方法。 Compiled by 145 expert authors from 50 countries over the past three years, with inputs from another 310 contributing authors, the Report assesses changes over the past five decades, providing a comprehensive picture of the relationship between economic development pathways and their impacts on nature. It also offers a range of possible scenarios for the coming decades. 该报告由来自50个国家的145位专家撰写，在过去三年中得到了另外310位撰稿人的投入，报告评估了过去五十年的变化，全面描述了经济发展路径与其对自然的影响之间的关系。 它还为未来几十年提供了一系列可能的方案。

11 根据对大约15,000个科学和政府来源的系统审查，报告还（有史以来第一次）提出土著和地方知识，特别是解决与土著人民和当地社区有关的问题
Based on the systematic review of about 15,000 scientific and government sources, the Report also draws (for the first time ever at this scale) on indigenous and local knowledge, particularly addressing issues relevant to Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities 根据对大约15,000个科学和政府来源的系统审查，报告还（有史以来第一次）提出土著和地方知识，特别是解决与土著人民和当地社区有关的问题

12 对自然产生全球影响最大的五大直接驱动因素是
INTERGOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE-POLICY PLATFORM ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (IPBES) 3 “生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台”（IPBES) 3 The five direct drivers of change in nature with the largest relative global impacts so far 对自然产生全球影响最大的五大直接驱动因素是 1- changes in land and sea use; 对土地和海洋利用的变化； 2- direct exploitation of organisms; 对生物的直接利用； 3- climate change; 气候变化； 4- pollution and 污染和 5- invasive alien species. 外来物种的入侵。

13 “生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台”（IPBES) 4
INTERGOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE-POLICY PLATFORM ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (IPBES) 4 “生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台”（IPBES) 4 "To better understand and, more importantly, to address the main causes of damage to biodiversity and nature's contributions to people, we need to understand the history and global interconnection of complex demographic and economic indirect drivers of change, as well as the social values that underpin them “为了更好地理解，更重要的是，要解决生物多样性和自然对人类贡献受损的主要原因，我们需要了解复杂的人口和经济间接变化驱动因素的历史和全球互联，以及支撑它们的社会价值观 "Key indirect drivers include 关键的间接驱动因素包括 - increased population and per capita consumption; - technological innovation, - issues of governance and accountability. - 人口和人均消费的增加； - 技术创新， - 治理和问责制的问题。 A pattern that emerges is one of global interconnectivity and 'telecoupling' - with resource extraction and production often occurring in one part of the world to satisfy the needs of distant consumers in other regions.“ 出现的一个模式是全球互联和‘远程耦合’——对资源的开采和生产往往发生在世界的一个地方，来满足其它地区的远程消费者的需求。” Prof Brondizio “全球评估”共同主席之一Brondizio教授

14 INTERGOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE-POLICY PLATFORM ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (IPBES) 4
Despite progress to conserve nature and implement policies, the Report also finds that global goals for conserving and sustainably using nature and achieving sustainability cannot be met by current trajectories, and goals for 2030 and beyond may only be achieved through transformative changes across economic, social, political and technological factors. 尽管在保护自然和执行政策方面取得了进展，但“报告”还发现，目前的轨迹无法满足保护和可持续利用自然，以及实现可持续性的全球目标，2030年及以后的目标只能通过经济、社会、政治和技术因素的变革性变革。 Current negative trends in biodiversity and ecosystems will undermine progress towards 80% (35 out of 44) of the assessed targets of the Sustainable Development Goals, related to poverty, hunger, health, water, cities, climate, oceans and land (SDGs 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 13, 14 and 15). 目前生物多样性和生态系统的负面趋势将破坏实现80％可持续发展目标的评估目标（44项中的35项）的进展，涉及贫困、饥饿、健康、水、城市、气候、海洋和陆地（联合国可持续发展目标中的第1、2、3、6、11、13、14和15项）。

15 四分之三的陆地环境和约66％的海洋环境因人类活动而发生了显着变化。土著居民和当地社区不太严重。
INTERGOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE-POLICY PLATFORM ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (IPBES) 6 “生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台”（IPBES) 6 Other notable findings of the Report include: “全球评估”其它值得注意的发现包括： Three-quarters of the land-based environment and about 66% of the marine environment have been significantly altered by human actions. Less severe in areas of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. 四分之三的陆地环境和约66％的海洋环境因人类活动而发生了显着变化。土著居民和当地社区不太严重。 More than a third of the world's land surface and nearly 75% of freshwater resources are now devoted to crop or livestock production. 世界上三分之一以上的陆地面积和近75％的淡水资源目前被用于种植或畜牧生产。 The value of agricultural crop production has increased by about 300% since 1970, raw timber harvest has risen by 45% and approximately 60 billion tons of renewable and non-renewable resources are now extracted globally every year - having nearly doubled since 1980. 自1970年以来, 农作物产值增加了约 300%, 原材料收成增加了 45%, 目前每年在全球开采约600亿吨可再生和不可再生资源----自1980年以来几乎翻了一番。

16 Land degradation has reduced the productivity of 23% of the global land surface, up to US$577 billion in annual global crops are at risk from pollinator loss and million people are at increased risk of floods and hurricanes because of loss of coastal habitats and protection. 土地的退化降低了全球陆地面积中23％的生产力，每年高达 5, 770亿美元的全球作物面临授粉者损失的风险, 由于沿海栖息地和受保护程度的丧失，1亿至3亿人面临更大的洪水和飓风风险。 In 2015, 33% of marine fish stocks were being harvested at unsustainable levels; 60% were maximally sustainably fished, with just 7% harvested at levels lower than what can be sustainably fished. 2015年, 33% 的海洋鱼类种群捕捞量达到不可持续的水平;60% 的捕捞量以最大限度的可持续方式进行, 仅有7% 的捕捞量低于可持续要求的捕捞量。 Urban areas have more than doubled since 1992. 自1992年以来，城市地区增加了一倍多。 Plastic pollution has increased tenfold since 1980, million tons of heavy metals, solvents, toxic sludge and other wastes from industrial facilities are dumped annually into the world's waters, and fertilizers entering coastal ecosystems have produced more than 400 ocean 'dead zones', totaling more than 245,000 km2 自1980年以来, 塑料污染增加了十倍, 每年有3到4亿吨来自工业设施的重金属、溶剂、有毒污泥和其他废物被倾倒到世界水域, 进入沿海生态系统的肥料产生了400多个海洋的“死亡区”，总面积超过245,000 平方公里。

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18 1980年以来塑料污染的增加 1970年以来作物产量增加 湿地破坏率与森林破坏的比较 自1980年以来温室气体排放量增加 自1970年以来人口增长 1992年以来城市地区的增长

19 全球金融和经济体系的演变 建立全球可持续经济， 摆脱目前有限的经济增长模式。 更可持续的未来政策的一个关键因素是
INTERGOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE-POLICY PLATFORM ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (IPBES) 7 “生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台”（IPBES) 7 A key element of more sustainable future policies is 更可持续的未来政策的一个关键因素是 the evolution of global financial and economic systems to build a global sustainable economy, steering away from the current limited paradigm of economic growth. 全球金融和经济体系的演变 建立全球可持续经济， 摆脱目前有限的经济增长模式。

20 The member States of IPBES Plenary have now acknowledged that, by its very nature, transformative change can expect opposition from those with interests vested in the status quo, but also that such opposition can be overcome for the broader public good. IPBES平台全体会议的成员国现在已经承认, 就其性质而言, 转型性变革可以预期的是，那些在现状中拥有利益的国家将提出反对, 但为了更广泛的公益, 这种反对也是能够被克服的。