Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare’s earliest success in tragedy.

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1 Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare’s earliest success in tragedy.
The scene is laid in Verona, a city in Italy. The play is an exposure of the old feudal world with its internal strife and its unnatural human relations. 2 hostile families: Montague and Capulet

2 Romeo and Juliet are : images of ____ symbols of ____ 。Though a tragedy, the play is____ in spirit. 。It is a song of ____, ____, ____, ____. 。It is against ____. 。The play is full of ____ and ____. That’s why it was a favourite with young Englishmen, especially at the eve of the English bourgeois revolution.

3 words thee-you thou-you art-are thy-your thine=thy-your doth-does
o’er-over ‘tis-this

4 《十四行诗》在莎士比亚的全部作品中占有非常重要的地位，诗集收有154首诗，大致认为作于1592年至1598年，1609年于伦敦首次出版。诗集分为两部分，第一部分为前126首，献给一个年轻的贵族（Fair Lord），诗人的诗热烈地歌颂了这位朋友的美貌以及他们的友情；第二部分为第127首至最后，献给一位“黑女士”（Dark Lady），描写爱情。 十四行诗是源于意大利民间的一种抒情短诗，文艺复兴初期时盛行于整个欧洲，其结构十分严谨，分为上下两部分，上段为八行，下段为六行，每行十一个音节，韵脚排列：abba abba,cdc ded。莎士比亚的十四行诗的结构却更严谨，他将十四个诗行分为两部分，第一部分为三个四行，第二部分为两行，每行十个音节，韵脚为：abab,cdcd,efef,gg。这样的格式后来被称为“莎士比亚式”或“伊丽莎白式”。对诗人而言，诗的结构越严谨就越难抒情，而莎士比亚的十四行诗却毫不拘谨，自由奔放，正如他的剧作天马行空，其诗歌的语言也富于想象，感情充沛。

5 Shakespeare’s Sonnet 154 sonnets Rhymed uniformly (abab,cdcd,efef,gg)
2 series: one series addressed to W.H. the other about a “dark lady”

6 Shakespeare’s sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet’s own feelings.
His sonnets numbered are addressed to a young man, Shakespeare’s beloved friend. The sonnets numbered involve a mistress of Shakespeare, a mysterious “Dark Lady”. The sonnet’s most common themes concern the destructive effects of time, the quickness of physical decay （lose power, health; go bad）, and the loss of beauty, vigor, and love. Although the poems celebrate life, they are always with a keen awareness of death.

7 Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of the heaven shines And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as a man can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives live to thee.

8 致橡树 我如果爱你——/绝不学攀援的凌霄花，/借你的高枝炫耀自己； 我如果爱你——/绝不学痴情的鸟儿，/为绿荫重复单调的歌曲； 也不止像泉源/常年送来清凉的慰籍；/也不止像险峰， 增加你的高度，/衬托你的威仪。/甚至日光/甚至春雨 不，这些都还不够/我必须是你近旁的一株木棉， 作为树的形像和你站在一起。/根，相握在地下； 叶，相触在云里。/每一阵风吹过，我们都互相致意， 但没有人/听懂我们的言语/你有你的铜枝铁干， 像刀像剑也像戟；/我有我红硕的花朵，/像沉重的叹息， 又像英勇的火炬/我们分担寒潮风雷霹雳； 我们共享雾霭流岚虹霓；/仿佛永远分离，却又终身相依 这才是伟大的爱情，/坚贞就在这里/爱/不仅爱你伟岸的身躯， 也爱你坚持的位置，/足下的土地。