Chapter three: Unit four: You are What You Think *grammatical meaning

Discussion on the translation of some sentences in passage 4 （ 1 ） Alexandra talked to the men about their crops and to the women about their poultry. 亚历山德拉与当地的男人们谈论种庄稼，与 女人们谈论养家禽。 That evening she held a family council and told her brothers all that she had seen and heard. 当晚她召开了一个家庭会议，向她的两 个弟弟原原本本地讲述了她的所见所闻。

Discussion on the translation of some sentences in passage 4 （ 2 ） It ’ s not the principal I ’ m worried about; it ’ s the interest and taxes. We ’ ll have to strain to meet the payments. 我现在担心的不是这笔本金，而是利息和税 款，我们不得不使劲付息纳税。 Do you find any difference in the expression of plural forms in English and Chinese? English: noun+s Chinese: noun+ 们，诸（位） / 各 +noun, repetition, numeral, noun

Discussion on the translation of some sentences in passage 4 （ 3 ） All the plural forms hold a deep meaning. They are important not only in the understanding but also in the expression. We can ’ t neglect them, or we can ’ t understand the original in a proper way, or our translation will not convey what is described in it. The rich men down there own all the best land, and they are buying all they can get. 那里的好地都属于有钱人，而且（他 们）那些人还在尽量地买地。

Discussion on the translation of some sentences in passage 4 （ 4 ） But as sure as we are sitting here tonight, we can sit down here ten years from now independent landowners, not struggling farmers any longer. The chance that father was always looking for has come. ” 但 10 年后我们再坐在这里时，我们将不再是苦苦挣扎的庄 稼人，而已是温饱自足的农场主了；这点毫无疑问，就象 今晚我们坐在这里一样不容置疑。父亲曾一直盼望的机会 已经来到. Why are we better fixed than any of our neighbors? Because father had more brains. Our people were better people than these in the old country. We ought to do more than they do, … 现在我们家的日子为什么比邻居们要好过？就是因为 ( 过去 ) 父亲比他们有头脑；咱们家的人过去在老家时 就比这里的（这些）人棒。我们应该比他们干的更 多， ……

Discussion on the translation of some sentences in passage 4 （ 5 ） Do you find any difference in expressing tense in English and Chinese? English: change of verb, auxiliary verb +verb Chinese: adverb + verb Tense in English is expressed in the change of verb form. But in Chinese, it is usually shown through adding an adverb. So in understanding the original, we need try to find the deep meaning held by the verb. If there is any, we need to show it in the translation.

Homework Read the explanation of grammatical meaning in translation on P Read the text in unit four and compare it with its translation Passage 7, paragraph 1-5

Discussion on the rest of the exercises (1) Difficult points: She spent a whole day with one young farmer who had been away at school, … spent five days ….At last, on the sixth day, Logic of para. 2, when you ’ re a man For the first time, perhaps, since that land emerged from the waters of geologic ages, a human face was set toward it with love and yearning. (core of the sentence) The history of every country begins in the heart of a man or a woman. (abstract) she brought out at last. “ We borrow the money for six years.

Discussion on the rest of the exercises (2) You won ’ t have to pay off your mortgages for six years. By that time, any of this land will be worth thirty dollars an acre … You poor boy, you won’t have to work it. The men in town who are buying up other people ’ s land don ’ t try to farm it. They are the men to watch, in a new country. He says the right thing is usually just what everybody don ’ t do. Oscar sat figuring at his father ’ s secretary all evening When he did not come back, Alexandra threw a shawl over her head and ran down the path to the windmill. Ask some to read their translation