1 中国消除艾滋病歧视行动 CHINA ELIMINATING AIDS-STIGMA INITIATIVE 王陇德 中华人民共和国卫生部 WANG LONGDE MINISTRY OF HEALTH, CHINA

2 消除歧视的策略 Strategies to Eliminate AIDS Stigma 政治承诺 领导人率先垂范 Political commitment, leaders in the frontier 法律法规 明确反歧视条款 Law enforcement, articulating anti-stigma terms 国家政策 造就关爱之基础 Government policy, laying foundation for care 宣传和动员 创造善待感染者的舆论氛围 Social marketing and community mobilization, creating a supportive atmosphere for people with HIV/AIDS

3 国家主席胡锦涛以及其他国家领导人在北京佑安医院同艾滋病患 者亲切握手交谈 President Hu Jintao and other senior leaders visit Beijing’s Youan Hospital. President Hu shakes hands with an AIDS patient

年春节期间，国务院总理温家宝 到河南上蔡考察艾滋病防治工作，看 望和慰问艾滋病患者及家属，并和受 艾滋病影响的孤儿和孤老共度春节。 During the 2005 Spring Festival, Premier Wen Jiabao visited HIV-positive people and their families in Shancai county in Henan. He spent the festival with AIDS orphans and parents who had lost their children to the disease. 温家宝总理在署名文章中指出， “ 通过广泛 的宣传教育 …… 使全社会正确对待艾滋病感 染者和患者，给他们更多的关爱，不歧视他 们 ” 。 Premier Wen Jiabao said in his published article “Through campaign and education… to enable the whole society to treat people with HIV/AIDS appropriately, to provide more care to them, and to reduce stigma and discrimination against them.”

5 吴仪副总理亲赴河南，深入艾滋病 流行严重乡村和艾滋病病人家庭， 视察艾滋病防治工作。 Vice Premier Wu Yi went to Henan province to visit villages heavily affected by HIV. She visited HIV-positive villagers and their families and inspected the HIV/AIDS prevention programs in the province. 吴仪副总理在 “ 全国艾滋病防治工作会议 ” 上的讲话中指出, “ 要动员社会消除歧视、 关爱艾滋病患者 ” 。 “ 要加强法制宣传教育，提高依法防治意识，消除社会恐惧和 歧视，提高艾滋病病毒感染者和患者的守法意识 ” 。 Vice Premier Wu Yi said “The whole society should be mobilized to eliminate discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS, and provide good care for them.” She further emphasized “we should promote education about the legal system; raise awareness of the laws governing HIV/AIDS prevention and control; eliminate social fears towards, and discrimination against, people affected by HIV/AIDS; and raise awareness of the legal obligations of HIV positive people and AIDS patients.”

6 法律法规 Law Enforcement 中华人民共和国传染病防治法 Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Act 第十六条 国家和社会应当关心、帮助传染病病人、病原携带者和疑似传 染病病人，使其得到及时救治。任何单位和个人不得歧视传染病病人、 病原携带者和疑似传染病病人。 Article 16: Government and society should care and help infectious disease patients, pathogen carriers and those suspected of having an infectious disease. They should get timely treatment and should not be discriminated against by others.

7 中华人民共和国传染病防治法 Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Act 第十二条 “…… 疾病预防控制机构、医疗机构不得泄露涉及个人隐私 的有关信息、资料。 “…… 侵犯单位和个人合法权益的，有关单位和个人可以依法申请行 政复议或提起诉诉。 ” Article 12: “……Organizations who work for disease prevention and control and who provide health care are not permitted to disclose confidential information about individuals. “……For behaviors infringing on lawful rights and interests of groups and/or individuals, the groups and/or individuals can apply for administrative reconsideration or prosecute those responsible on the basis of relevant legislation”. 法律法规 Law Enforcement

8 中华人民共和国传染病防治法 Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Act 第六十八条 “ 疾病预防控制机构违反本法规定，有下列情形之一的 …… （五）故意泄露传染病病人、病原携带者、疑似传染病病人、密切接触 者涉及个人隐私的有关信息、资料的 ……” ，其负有主要责任的组织或 个人将被处以不同级别的处罚，如警告、降级、撤职、开除等。 Article 68: “If disease prevention and control organizations violate the present law, as in one of the following situations… 5)Intentional disclosure of confidential information of confirmed infectious disease patients, carriers of pathogens, unconfirmed cases and those in close contact with infectious disease patients…,” the organizations and/or individuals responsible will be punished at different levels, such as, warning, demotion ， reassignment and dismissal. 法律法规 Law Enforcement

9 中华人民共和国传染病防治法 Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Act 第六十九条 “ 医疗机构违反本法规定，有下列情形之一的 …… （七）故意泄露传染病病人、病原携带者、疑似传染病病人、密切接触 者涉及个人隐私的有关信息、资料的 ……” ，其负有主要责任的组织或 个人将被处以不同级别的处罚，如警告、降级、撤职、开除等。 Article 69: “If health care organizations violate the present law, as in one of the following situations… 7)Intentional disclosure of confidential information of confirmed infectious disease patients, carriers of pathogens, unconfirmed cases and those in close contact with infectious disease patients…,” the organizations and/or individuals responsible will be punished at different levels, such as, warning, demotion ， reassignment and dismissal. 法律法规 Law Enforcement

10 法律法规 Law Enforcement 艾滋病管理条例 ( 在审批程序之中 ) HIV/AIDS Act ( In the process of review for approval ) 第九条 艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人及其配偶、子女的就业、就学、 就医和参加社会活动等权利受法律保护。 任何单位和个人不得歧视艾滋病病毒感染者、艾滋病病人及其配偶和子 女。 Article 9: The laws and regulations protect the rights of HIV- infected individuals, AIDS patients, their spouses and children to employment, education, health services, and participation of social activities. Any institutes or individuals should not discriminate against HIV-infected individuals, AIDS patients, their spouses and children.

11 政策 －－ “ 四免一关怀 ” Policy – Four Frees and One Care 在全国范围内为自愿接受艾滋病咨询检测的人员免费提供咨询和 初筛检测； Free Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) 对农村居民和城镇未参加基本医疗保险等医疗保障制度的经济困 难人员中的艾滋病病人免费提供抗病毒治疗药物； Free ARV drugs to AIDS patients who are rural residents or people with financial difficulties living in urban areas 为感染艾滋病病毒的孕妇提供免费母婴阻断药物及婴儿检测试剂； Free ARV drugs to HIV infected pregnant women to prevent mother-to-child transmission, and HIV testing of newborn babies

12 对艾滋病病人的孤儿免收上学费用； Free schooling for children orphaned by AIDS 将生活困难的艾滋病病人纳入政府救助范围，按照国家 有关规定给予必要的生活救济。积极扶持有生产能力的 艾滋病病人开展生产活动，增加其收入。 Care and economic assistance to the households of people living with HIV/AIDS 政策 －－ “ 四免一关怀 ” Policy – Four Frees and One Care

13 政策 Policy 国务院及相关部门制定了一系列具体政策： State Council and Departments developed series AIDS implementation policies 国务院关于切实加强艾滋病防治工作的通知 Comprehensive Policy Framework for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control in China (State Council Document No.7) 国务院防治艾滋病工作委员会办公室关于印发《全国艾滋病防治宣传教 育工作指导方案（ 年）》的通知 Notice on HIV/AIDS Prevention IEC Guidelines (State Council AIDS Working Committee Office) 卫生部、财政部关于印发《艾滋病抗病毒治疗和自愿咨询检测办法的通 知》 Notice on ARV Treatment and Voluntary Counseling and Testing (Ministry of Health and Ministry of Finance) 卫生部、国家中医药管理局关于印发《关于艾滋病抗病毒治疗管理工作 的意见》的通知 Notice on ARV Treatment Management (Ministry of Health and State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine)

14 政策 Policy 教育部关于贯彻落实《国务院关于切实加强艾滋病防治工作的通知》 Notice on the Implementation of the AIDS Prevention and Care Guidelines of the State Council (Ministry of Education) 民政部关于加强对生活困难的艾滋病患者、患者家属和患者遗孤救助工作的通 知 Notice on Strengthening Assistance to Poor People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), Families of PLWHA and Orphans (Ministry of Civil Affairs) 卫生部关于加强对在职卫生人员进行艾滋病等重点传染病防治知识培训的通知 Notice on Professional Training on Infectious Diseases, including HIV/AIDS for Medical Staff (Ministry of Health) 卫生部办公厅《关于加强预防艾滋病母婴传播试点工作的通知》 Notice on Pilot Programs for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (Ministry of Health)

15 全面宣传 Comprehensive AIDS Campaign 多部门参与预防艾滋病宣传，如 教委、妇联等 Multi-sector participation of AIDS Campaign 妇联 “ 面对面 ” 宣传 “Face-to-face” Education by Women Federation 学生知识竞赛 Knowledge test 上街宣传 Street campaign by students

16 全面宣传 Comprehensive AIDS Campaign 多种形式并用（电视、报纸、海报、 标语等） Multiple formats (TV, newspapers, posters, banners) 400 万套宣传海报发到每村、 校、社区。 4 million copies of AIDS posters for each village, school and community in the country.

17 全面宣传 Comprehensive AIDS Campaign 山西运城利用 “ 大篷车 ” 搭建文 艺演出舞台，宣传艾滋病防治 知识 Mobile AIDS Campaign Truck in Shanxi Yuncheng 河北大厂剧团 - 艾滋病综艺节目 巡回演出 Troupes for AIDS campaign by Hebei Dachang

18 文艺和体育界名人 Celebrities in Sports, Literary and Art Circles 文艺和体育界名人通过他们的名人效 应在艾滋病宣传和动员方面起到了很 大的作用。 Celebrities in literary and art circles have played an important role in publicizing HIV/AIDS knowledge and mobilizing HIV/AIDS-related activities.

19 感染者参与反歧视 Participation of PLWHA in Combating Stigma and Discrimination 更多的 HIV 感染者愿意公开自 己的身份，参与艾滋病防治活 动。 More and more people living with HIV/AIDS are willing to publicize their status and to participate in HIV/AIDS-related activities.

20 反歧视的效果 The Effects of Combating Discrimination 实践证明， “ 四免一关怀 ” 政策的实施 极大的改变了社区对 HIV 感染者的歧 视状况。 The Four Free and One Care Policy has dramatically reduced stigma and discrimination in the community. 安徽阜阳，针对 HIV 感染者及其家人 的歧视大大减轻。 In Fuyang, Anhui Province, discrimination against PLWHA and their families was greatly reduced. 在示范区，孩子们在一起玩。 In China CARES sites, kids with HIV or from HIV family could play with other kids friendly.

21 反歧视的效果 The Effects of Combating Discrimination “No-one wanted to be close to HIV- positive people because they were afraid of being infected. Recently, (AIDS) knowledge has been publicized and most people know about this disease, …most people have the courage to touch HIV- positive people.” - Husband of a PLWHA (November, 2004) 安徽阜阳 Fuyang, Anhui Province “ 原来对有艾滋病的人，大家不想靠近，很怕传染。通过近一阶段， ( 艾滋病 ) 知识普及下来，大部分人都了解这个病了， … 大部分人对病人也都敢接触了 ” －－ 一名感染者的丈夫（ 2004 年 11 月）

22 反击艾滋病歧视，任重道远 Challenges in Combating HIV/AIDS Stigma 歧视现象仍然存在 Stigma and discrimination are still prevalent 相关法律法规关于反歧视的规定需进一步落实 Laws and regulations for anti-stigma need to be fully implemented 宣传教育、社会动员等各项措施有待深入和加强 Measures such as education and community mobilization need to be strengthened and reinforced