外语系 03 级本科 3 班 时华玉

True Friends always pop up to say hello… to say hello…

Unit 1 Good Friends the Third & Fourth Lesson Language points

argue v  argue with sb about/ over sth  argue for 为了 …… 而辩论  argue against 为反对 …… 而辩论  argue + clause ( 从句 ) eg: 1) 不要跟母亲争辩. 2)The workers argues against free trade. Don’t argue with mother. 工人们为反对自由贸易而辩论.

lie 有二种不同的意义, 其过去式, 过去分词, 现在 分词也相应的不同 lie 说谎 躺 Lied; lied; lying Lay; lain; lying 放置 lay Laid; laid; laying

regard … as … 他被认为是教授. We regard your action as a crime. 我们认为你这种行为是犯罪行为. He is regarded as a professor. think of …as look on….as treat…as 把 …… 看作 ; 视为

be quick in / at 在 …… 方面敏捷, 迅速 eg: 1) His spelling is poor but he is quick at figures. 2) 这个小女孩学语言很快. 他拼写很差但算术好. The little girl is quick at learning language. be good /bad at; be clever at be expert in /at ;be slow in /at

think about 考虑，思索 think over 仔细考虑 think up 虚构，设 计, 编造 think out 想出 ; 周 密考虑 think of 回顾，想 起 think of …as 认为 …... 是 think much of 对 …… 评价很高 think highly (well, etc) of 赞赏 ( 对 …… 印 象好 ) think little (badly, etc) of 认为不好, 对 … 不赞成 think nothing of 觉得不怎么样 ( 没什么, 不难 ) They are thinking about moving

care 在乎，在意，关心 We don’t care whether it rains or not. If no one cares, I will do that.  care about 关心，关注  care for 照顾，想要  take care of 照料  take care 当心, 小心  care nothing about… 对 … 漠不关心 我们不在乎它下不下雨.

 loyal adj. true and faithful be loyal to  loyalty n 忠诚 loyally adv.  quality n. 品质 ; 特征 ; 质量 The material is very poor quality. 这种材料质量很差.  qualify v. 使具有资格 qualify sb for/as sth what he has learnt qualifies him as a doctor.  quantity 数量

scared adj. frightened 恐惧 的  be scared of sb/ sth  be scared of dong sth/ to do sth eg: 她害怕夜里独自出去.  scare v frighten (sb) 恐吓某人 eg: What are you doing behind the door?! You scares me. She is scared to go out alone at night. 你在门后干什么呢, 你把我吓 坏了.

scare sb into doing sth 吓的某人做某事 吓的某人不敢做某事 scare sb out of doing sth eg: 1) 我们要把她吓的不敢报警. We’ll scare her out of telling the police. 2)They scared him into handing over the money. 他们把他吓的交出了钱.

Hunt for sth.: looking for eg: The dog is hunting for the weapon buried somewhere. hunter : 猎人 hunting : 狩猎 hunt down 追寻到 hunting ground 狩猎场

bored & boring Don’t cry! I’m so _____. Don’t read such a _______ book. Those relatives were ______ people. After a few days, I was getting _____and homesick. bored boring bored bored 感到厌烦的 ; boring 令人感到厌烦的 interested & interesting frightened & frightening

especially “ 特别地 ” ， “ 尤其地 ” ，强调 程度，常用于进一步补充说明，前面 一般用逗号隔开。 I love my students,especially the hard-working ones. People,especially young people don’t seem so polite these days. especially & specially

specially “ 特意地 ”“ 专门地 ” ，强 调目的，一般用在表示目的的不 定式或介词 for 短语前 I came here specially to see you. The chair was made specially for the babies.

 Summer is very hot, __________ this year.  I cooked this meal__________ for you.  I would like to help others, _________ when I am free. especially specially especially

I don’t enjoy singing, nor do I like computers. Rock music is OK, and so is skiing.  这两句中的 nor 与 so 引起的为倒装 句.  = I don’t enjoy singing, I don’t like computers, either.  =Rock music is OK, and skiing is OK, too.

neither,nor,so 常用于并列连词, 放在句首, 表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者． 其常见的句型有： so + be (have / 助动词 / 情态动词 ) ＋主语 neither /nor +be (have/ 助动词 / 情态动词 ) ＋主语

* 由 so, neither, nor 引起的句子中的连系动 词﹑情态动词、助动词的时态一般要和前一 句中的谓语动词的时态保持一致。 eg : Ｉ haven’t passed the driving test. Nor has he. She failed to inform me. Neither / Nor did you. I am fond of swimming in summer. So____ you are

He can’t do it. I can’t do it, either. =He can’t do it, nor can I. I will not go there,____________________ ( 他也不会去）。 You never heard from him, ________________________. （我也没有收到他的来信）. nor will he. nor did I

I was tired this week,and my students were tired, too. =I was tired this week, so were my students. Mary can speak English, _________________( 她哥哥也会）。 You say he is smart, ____________ （他确实是）. Mother asked me to study at home on Sundays. ____________.( 我照做了 ) so can her brother so he is. I did so.

so + 主语 + be (have, 助动词，情态动 词 ) 表示 “ 确实如此 ”, 对前面表达的肯 定 eg: --My mother is willing to help anyone who is in trouble. --So she is.

主语 +did +so 表示 “ 主语按照吩咐做 了 ” eg: Ｉ asked my father to buy me a present. And he did so.

So 构成的常见句型还有 so it is /was with sb / sth 或 it is /was the same with sb /sth ( 本句式用于前文有两个或两个以上的分句，并且分 句有不同的谓语或既有肯定又有否定等情况 ) eg: Ｍ y little brother is clever but doesn’t study hard. So it is with Li Jun. / It is the same with Li Jun.

He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends. should have done eg: 1) 五分钟前你就应该来了. 2)You shouldn’t have told him about this. 表示过去应该作某事而实际上没做, 含责备意味 You should have come here 5 minutes ago. 你本来不应该告诉他这件事

must have done can’t / couldn’t have done needn’t have done shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have done might /may have done could have done would have done 表对过去发生的事肯定推测 ” 一定 …” 表对过去发生的事否定推测 ” 一定没有 ….” 过去没必要做却做了 ” 本来不必做 ….” 本来不该做却做了,” 本来不该做 ….” 过去可能做了某事 ( 可能性小 ),” 可能已经 ….” 过去本可能做却未做,” 本来可以做 …..” 愿意做某事却不能做 ” 本来想要做 ….”

It is important to have someone to care about. have sth to do 主语自己做 have sth to be done 主语让别人做 have sth done 使某事被做 have sb do/ doing sth 让某人做某事 eg:1)Why don’t you have your hair _____? 2)We’re having our car_______. 3)I am going to the supermarket. Do you have anything______? 4) I have lots of clothes___________, mum. 有某事 要做 cut repaired. to buy to be washed

on a flight 在飞行中 On 表示 “ 正在 …. 中, 正从事于 ” eg: American president has come on a visit to China. 美国总统来中国进行访问 on a journey/ trip 在旅行 on strike 罢工 on holiday 在度假 on a tour 在观光 on duty 值班, 值日

For example & such as She has hobbies, __________, collecting stamps. We all study foreign language _______English, French or Japanese. I know many famous singers, Andy. Lau, __________. 像巧克力这样的甜食会使你发胖. for example such as for example Sweet food such as chocolate can make you fat.

take … for example 为某人树立榜样 set an example to sb set sb an example 以 …… 为例

与 ….. 交朋友 Make friends with make a friend with √ Χ be friends with 和 … 友好 make friends again 言归于好, 重修旧好

all the time ( 在一段时间内 ) 一直 at all times 随时, 永远 at one time 一度, 从前 at the time 那时, 在那时 at a time 依次, 逐一, 每次 at times 有时, 间或

If you were alone on a deserted island,you would have to learn to collect food and hunt for food. 虚拟语气 如果我是你的话, 我会接受这份工作. 如果我知道答案, 我早就告诉你了. If I were you, I would accept the job. If I had known the answer, I would have told you.

A good friend is someone who makes me happy. who makes me happy 为定语从句 eg: I know the boy (who/whom/that) you are looking for. 我认识你正在找的那个男孩.

make me happy “ 这是使役动词 make+ 宾语 +adj.( 宾补 ) ” 的用法 使役动词 make ( 使, 使得 ) 的用法 : make + 宾语 + adj.( 宾补 ) make + 宾语 +n..( 宾补 ) make +oneself /sth.+ done.( 宾补 ) What he said made me angry. He makes the room his office. When I first got to New York, I couldn’t make myself understood.

make sb.+ do ( 宾语 ) ( 但在被动语态中 须加 to ) His mother doesn’t have to make him study hard because he always studies hard. He doesn’t have to be made to study hard because he always studies hard.

I often hear her sing in that room. He noticed the boy come in from the back door. 类似的动词还有感官动词 : see, notice, watch, observe, look at; hear, listen to ; feel 等 ; 使役动词 make, let, have 等 She often is heard to sing in that room. The boy was noticed to come in from the back door.

through, across & over You can see _______ the glass. My house is just _______ the street. We should go ____ that mountain till sunset. The villagers built a bridge ______ that river. A student is helping an old man walk _____the street. The River Thames flows________ London. through across over across through

too much & much too too much “ 太, 过于 ”. 一般修饰动词, 放在动词 的后面, 也可以修饰名词, 放在名词前面. much too 一般修饰形容词和副词, 放在他们前 面. eg:1) Andy had to call a taxi because the bag was________ heavy to carry home all the way. 2)The child have eaten _______ and you’d better stop him. much too too much

Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends. so …that … 引导的是结果状语从句 so +adj./adv + adj.+ a(n)+ 单数可数名词 +many/few+ 复数可数名词 +much/little( 少 )+ 不可数名词 +that

such…that… 也能引导结果状语从句，但有 所差异。 such +a/an+adj+ 单数可数名词 +adj+ 复数名词 +such+adj+ 不可数名词 that

He is ____a clever boy that we all like him. He is so clever a boy that we all like him. He made _____rapid progress that I even envied him. I made ____few mistakes that my parents were satisfied. He is _____little a child that he can’t take care of himself. such so such

Lonely & alone 区别 : alone adj. & adv. 表示客观上单独地 / 的 ; 独 自一人地 / 的. 做 adj. 时是表语形容词, 不 能做前置定语修饰名词, 但可作后置定语, 补足语和表语 lonely 表示主观上孤独的 ; 偏僻的 ; 荒凉的. 仅能做形容词, 在句中做表语或前置定语 修饰名词

lonely & alone She watches TV when she is _________. For years Mary lived ______ in New York. When his dog died, he was very _________. He felt ________ when nobody else was at home. There is a ________house. alone/ lonely alone lonely

though, even though & even if 都是引导的让步状语从句 even though 与 even if “ 即使, 尽管 ”. 一般可 以互换, 后面从句所叙述的是假设或把握不大的事 实 ; though “ 虽然 ”, 后面从句内容一般是事实. eg: She won the first prize, though none of us had expected it. 她得了头奖, 虽然这件事我们都没想到. Even though it rained tomorrow, we would still go there.( 用了虚拟语气 ) 即使明天下雨, 我们仍然要去那里.

Homework Preview the grammar point Direct Speech & Indirect Speech on page Try to do the grammar practicing on page 87-88

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