生涯規劃輔導所需關注的課題與基本知識的掌握 Alvin Leung (梁湘明) Department of Educational Psychology The Chinese University of Hong Kong

資源冊內容 (1/2) 單元一：事業輔導與生涯規劃：概論 單元二：事業與生涯規劃：介入方法 單元三：從校園到工作世界：事業發展理論的一些啟示 單元四：聆聽青少年的故事、探索生涯規劃主題：事業輔導面談技巧 單元五：生涯評估面談：一個尋找生涯規劃主題的面談方法/程序

資源冊內容 (2/2) 單元六：如何幫助青少年了解事業興趣 單元七：事業興趣的評估方法 單元八：生涯價值觀的探索和評估方法 單元九：個人能力的評估方法 單元十：從實踐中學習生涯規劃

每單元 理論、觀念、技巧 討論、思考問題 活動 參考書籍

生涯規劃 (Career and Life Planning) 的範圍 A: 職業介紹 Employment/Educational Counseling/Placement A & C: 事業輔導 Career Counseling A-F: 生涯規劃 Career and Life Planning (Meaning & Purpose) 意義， 目的 我有甚麼使命和任務：我如何能透過我的工作產生影響 (make a difference)？ 我的人生目標是什麼？ 我在世界有什麼任務？ F E 自尊 (Self-Esteem) 自我實現 (Self-Actualization) D 我是誰：我有甚麼可用於工作的興趣和長處？ 甚麼是我認為重要的？ 我如何運用時間做一些可發揮自已的事 ？ 我如何增加生活的滿足感 C A 我能如何使用我的時間？ 生存 (Survival) 為生計：需要找到一份工作？ B 生活/生命 (Life) 事業 -教育 (Learning) -工作 (Work)

Career Planning 生涯規劃 (Leung, 2005) 「生涯規劃是一個深思熟慮的過程，讓人能整全地規劃一生，包括生命中重要的範疇，如工作、學習、人際關係和閒暇。這過程也要求人在其社會環境中按步驟積極地實施所定的計劃。」 “If you are not deliberate in your life planning, your tomorrow will be just like today. But if you plan with deliberation, your tomorrow will be different from today.”

生涯規劃的基礎信念 (1) 任務、貢獻 - 你要相信每一項職業對社會都有其獨特的貢獻和重要性。 “All work has its unique meaning and contribution.”

意義、方向 - 你要動員在你內心中那尋求生命意義和方向(夢想)的動力。 生涯規劃的基礎信念 (2) 意義、方向 - 你要動員在你內心中那尋求生命意義和方向(夢想)的動力。 “Inside everyone there is a thirst for meaning and purposes. Some of us forget about the thirst because we do not believe there is water.”

沒意義的工作：工作不能達成使命，也不能發揮自己 你的使命 你的個人發揮 經濟需要

缺乏使命感的工作 ! 你的使命 你的個人發揮 經濟需要

夢想是 在生涯中達成使命、個人發揮 、和經濟需要 你的使命 你的個人發揮 經濟需要

生涯規劃工作者要幫助學員： 嘗試從工作崗位中發揮貢獻和影響 建立職業志向 (職志、召命，a sense of vocation) 願意在生涯的旅程中尋覓生命的方向和意義。

生涯規劃的基礎信念 (3) 要整全的規劃生命：你要思想如何能在工作、學習、休閒活動中達致生命意義和目標(包括夢想)。 Working Life Goals, Dreams, etc Working Learning Playing (Leisure)

Leisure “In a world obsessed with work, leisure is a serious matter. The United Nations declared it a basic human right in 1948.” Carl Honore, In praise of slow, 2004, p. 187

Leisure and Life Meaning “…. what we do with our free time gives texture, shape and meaning to our lives.” Carl Honore, In Praise of Slow, 2004, p. 188

Leisure and Quality of Work “…But you are more likely to sustain the intense effort needed to accomplish first-rate work in one area if you allow yourself some leisure time, some recreation, some time for solitude.” Harry Lewis, Dean of Harvard Undergraduate School in a Letter to all Harvard Freshman (from In Praise of Slow, Carl Honore, 2004, p.216)

生涯的節奏與步伐 忙碌的生涯是有效的生涯嗎？

港人工時全球排第二 (星島) 08月 10日 星期四 01:30PM (2006) 瑞士聯合銀行（UBS）調查全球71個城市的僱員薪酬水平、工時和消費力，發現港人平均每年工作2,231小時，全球排第二，僅次於南韓首爾。其中小學教師和女售貨員的工時更是全球最長，每星期分別工作49和56小時。調查發現，港人的薪酬水平，在全球排40，在亞洲區排第五。

YAHOO, August 2006

Over-Work can become a Disease! In Japan, there is a word called “karoshi”, which means “death by overwork.” “In 2001, the government (of Japan) reported a record 143 victims of karoshi. Critics put Japan’s annual death toll from overwork in the thousands.” Carl Honore, “In Praise of SLOW”, 2004, p.6.

Work and Our Culture of “Speed” “The problem is that our love of speed, our obsession with doing more and more in less and less time, has gone too far; it has turned into an addiction, a kind of idolatry.” Carl Honore, “In Praise of SLOW”, 2004, p.4. “Evolution works on the principle of survival of the fittest, not the fastest.”

The French Experiment (35 hour workweek) – Transforming life styles “…. the short workweek has revolutionized people’s lives. Parents spend longer playing with their children, friends see each other more often, and couples have more time for romance.” Carl Honore, In praise of slow, 2004, p. 170

The French Experiment – On Productivity Those “… who warned that the 35-hour workweek would send the French economy into instant meltdown has been proven wrong. The gross domestic product has grown, and unemployment, though still above EU average, has fallen. Productivity also remains high. Indeed, some evidence suggests that many French workers are more productive now.” Carl Honore, In praise of slow, 2004, p. 171

Work-Life Balance: Work Hours and Productivity “One of the most important things we learned ….. Was that people could be just as productive – and sometimes even more so – when they work fewer hours.” Carl Honore, In praise of slow, 2004, p.177, quoting a study by Marriott Hotel to give managers the OK to leave office at any time after work is done.

Pace and Quality of Learning “… A growing body of evidence suggests that children learn better when they learn at a slower pace.” Carl Honore, In praise of slow, 2004, p.219

幫助青少年建立合理的生涯節奏和步代 善用工作、學習、和休閒時間 建立合宜的生活節奏 不被電子科技或其它活動 (e.g., computer games, internet) 約束

生涯規劃的基礎信念 (4) 生涯規劃包括探討你的不同生命角色，這些角色之間的關係/相互動力，角色的重要性，和他們與你的生命意義與目的的相關。 工作者 學生 公民 配偶 兒女 休閒者 “Structuring your different life roles is an important part of career and life planning”

如何在日常生活中充實地活出這些角色 工作者的角色只是生涯的一部分 想一想，在每一個角色中： 你想發揮甚麼特質 (別人曾如的形容你)？ 有何貢獻？ 有何結果？ 青少年在一個角色活得精彩和充實，其積極性是可延續到其它角色的 決定甚麼事情是很重要和不很重要，學習排列生命的次序

A B C D Decide on Your Life Priorities Urgent Not Urgent Important Not Important C D .

Prioritize – An important Process “We must learn to distinguish between what is “merely important” and what is “widely important.” A “widely important goal” carries serious consequences. Failure to achieve these goals renders all other achievements inconsequential” The Eighth Habit, Steven Covey, 2004

生涯規劃的基礎信念 (5) 生涯規劃不只是看明天，也要看昨天和今天 要有勇氣面對昨天，超越成長障礙，並從以往不同的經驗中找尋“我是誰?” 要積極地生活於今天，擴闊對自己的了解和視野。 清楚了昨天和今天的我，我該如何小心走明天的路？ Past Present Future “If you are looking for clues about tomorrow, the signs are to be found in your past and present.”

個人輔導和事業輔導息息相關 個人問題和事業有關的問題是相連的 個人發展和事業發展也相連 個人問題和事業有關的問題都會引起焦慮 相同的輔導過程和技巧 Career Counseling Personal Counseling

“Seek first to understand, then to be understood.” When we listen with the intent to understand others, rather than with the intent to reply, we begin true communication and relationship building. Steven R. Covey, The 8th Habit (2005, p. 153)

On Judgment and Compassion (1/2) Compassion can never coexist with judgment because judgment creates the distance, the distinction, which prevents us from really being with the other. Henri Nouwen (1981), The Way of The Heart

On Judgment and Compassion (2/2) “Become a light, not a judge. Become a model, not a critic.” Steven R. Covey, The 8th Habit (2005)

A Common Language, Regardless of Differences in Background and Experience “….the language that everyone on earth was capable of understanding in their heart, it was love. Something older than humanity, more ancient than the desert” (p.94). A Quote from “The Alchemist”, By Paulo Coelho

生涯規劃 – 基礎理念 (6) 生涯規劃的起點是要探索和了解個人的特性，包括需要、興趣、價值觀和技能，以確定個人的事業/生涯方向和目標。 Interest 個人的特性 You “The beginning point of a decision-making process is Exploration, not Decision.” Skills Values, Needs

Vocational Developmental Tasks for Youth (Theory by Super) Crystallization Implementation Specification

生涯規劃 – 基礎理念 (7) 事業/生涯規劃在社會環境中實踐，是需要仔細考慮和妥協。 “A good-enough choice is a good choice.”

要清楚後補選擇 要作出有關職業和學業的選擇時，我們除了要確定首要選擇外，他要有些後補選擇 (backup plans)。 我們要對後補選擇有足夠的認識先。若預先有足夠的心理準備，若我們真的得不到自己的首選，也較能接受不太理想的次選。

後補選擇是妥協嗎？ 我們首要的選擇可能是「完整」的理想和夢想，但次要或後補的選擇卻不是理想和夢想的完全破滅。 後補的選擇也可能達到部份甚至大部份的理想和夢想。 因此，後補選擇也不一定是妥協。

「不錯的選擇」 (A Good Enough Choice) 「不錯的選擇」 (A Good Enough Choice) Barry Swartz, The Paradox of Choice (2004) “Learning to accept “good enough” will simplify decision making and increase satisfaction.” “To become a satisficer, however, requires that you think carefully about your goals and aspirations, and that you develop well-defined standards for what is “good enough.”

Practice an attitude of gratitude Practice an attitude of gratitude Barry Swartz, The Paradox of Choice (2004) “We can vastly improve our subjective experience by consciously striving to be grateful more often for what is good about a choice or an experience, and to be less disappointed less by what is bad about it.”

生涯規劃 – 基礎理念 (8) 生涯規劃相信，規劃人生的技巧和方法，是可以從輔導和教育的途徑學習得到。

生涯規劃的宏觀目標 生涯規劃教育和輔導工作的一個宏觀目標，是要幫助當事人建立可用在不同人生階段的生涯規劃態度、認知、和技巧。