资源效率—一带一路实现和谐发展的核心要素 Forum I. Greening “One Belt and One Road” 论坛一：绿色“一带一路” Resource efficiency in OBOR development as one element to achieve harmony 资源效率—一带一路实现和谐发展的核心要素 Mr. Stephan SICARS, Director of Environment Branch, United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Vienna, Austria 斯蒂芬.西卡斯 联合国工业发展组织 环境司司长

One Belt One Road (OBOR) 一带一路 Cooperation priorities: Policy co-ordination Infrastructure connectivity Unimpeded trade Financial integration People-to-people bond Sustainable development: ISID → Prosperity → stability Minimizing environmental impact → sustainable industrial development Evenly increased competitiveness → inclusive industrial development 合作重点： 政策沟通 设施连通 贸易畅通 资金融通 民心相通 可持续发展： 包容可持续发展→ 繁荣 → 稳定 减少环境影响→可持续工业发展 均衡增加的竞争力→包容的工业发展 Source: HSBC, 2015

China: Industrial development and its impact 中国：工业发展及其影响 Ideally: Time-map of industrial development by provice (say, 3 maps of CPR, year say 1990-2000-2010 vs. same years for an env indicator same provinces, showing developm of env degradation with ind development; can be land degradation, water scarcity, pollutant spreading, …) Source: China Environmental Yearbook and National Bureau of Statistic of China. http://data.stats.gov.cn Decoupling necessary Options: Direct regulatory interventions Resource efficiency 脱钩经济发展和环境影响的必要性 方案： 直接政策干预 资源效率

Industrial development and its impact 工业发展及其影响 Options for resource decoupling: Direct regulatory interventions / bans / limits Precautionary use: Complex targeting and adjustment, overreach probable Concept not generic enough Challenging to design as supporting growth Given regulatory reality likely used to address emerging problems, i.e. not preventive Resource efficiency 脱钩经济发展和资源消耗的方案： 直接政策干预/ 禁令 /限制 谨慎使用: 复杂的目标，一刀切的标准，矫枉过正。 仅仅政策不能解决问题 政策有时阻碍创新设计，进而阻碍发展。 既有的政策可能解决当前的问题，但不具有预防性。 2.资源效率 经济增长与资源消耗脱钩 Insert here the standard resource decoupling graphic; you can get it from Hassan or Petra. Careful: Our standard version used in many presentations is graphically horrible / not up to par. Better versions probably on web of World Resource Council or Allen McPherson (?) foundation 人口 经济活动（GDP） 资源使用 环境影响 经济增长与环境影响脱钩

Resource efficiency 资源效率 What Producing more with les (Energy, water, raw materials) Increasing product lifetime Design to allow repairs and disassembly Reuse and recycle How Changes in manufacturing, product design Upgrading of repair facilities Establishment of reuse, recycling facilities Results Sustainability: reduced emissions and pollution, reduced waste, reduced energy needs, reduced raw material use, increased resilience Inclusivity: increased competitiveness 什么是资源效率？ 生产的更多但使用更少资源（能源、水、原材料） 提高产品寿命 产品设计易于维修和拆解 再利用和再循环 如何做到提高资源效率？ 改变生产和产品设计 维修设施的升级 建立再利用和再循环设施 成效 可持续性：减少排放和污染、减少废物、减少能源需求、减少原材料使用、提高恢复能力 包容性：增加竞争力

Efficiency in OBOR countries 一带一路国家的资源效率 Efficiency in OBOR countries Competitive Industrial Performance Index, OBOR (2012) 一带一路国家工业竞争指数（2012） MVA / CO2 emissions, OBOR (2011) 一带一路国家二氧化碳排放量*（2011） Source: World Data Bank (2011); UNIDO 来源：世界银行数据（2011）；UNIDO GunnMap 2: Global Chart Tool, http://gunn.co.nz/map *MVA: Manufacturing Value Added (current USD) excl. mining,; relative scale Source: UNIDO Competitive Industrial Development Report (2014) 来源：UNIDO工业竞争发展报告（2014） MVA/CO2 in China, Brazil and Germany are Germany (8th in the world): 1x106 ,Brazil (22nd): 7x105, China (83rd): 2.6x105 (USD/kt) Manufacturing of MVA refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37 (e.g. leather, wood, paper, chemicals, metals, electric equipment, machinery etc.). MVA does not include mining.

Efficiency in OBOR countries 一带一路国家的资源效率 Room for further improvement in OBOR countries Economic development and increased cooperation Current strategic OBOR approach creates necessary basis, not yet sufficient to ensure full success Challenges Lack of know how at manufacturer – design, manufacturing, raw material sourcing Customer awareness Non-RE lower current but higher long-term cost on all levels – case for financial institutions Infrastructure for repair, reuse, recycling not sufficiently developed Improved trade routes and agreements increase potential for cradle-to-cradle approach 一带一路国家未来的提升空间 经济发展及增加合作 目前一带一路战略创造了必要的基础，但尚未足以确保取得圆满成功 挑战 缺少生产诀窍-设计、生产、原材料采购 消费者意识 非资源效率措施，当前成本较低，但从长期来看成本很高-如金融机构 基础设施发展不足以满足维修、再利用、再循环的需求 改善的贸易路线和边贸协议增加了应用从摇篮到摇篮的方法的可能性

Conclusion 总结 Resource efficiency has potential to: Further strengthen economic growth Increase economic sustainability Increase inclusiveness Increase stability and prosperity across the region Should be strengthened through: Distribution of best practices Incorporation into product standards across the region Including into regional supply chain concepts Supporting increasingly realistic resource pricing in OBOR countries Reduced resource needs, increasing efficiency and related trade improvements will increase harmony across the region 资源效率有以下潜力： 进一步加强经济增长 增加经济可持续性 增加包容性 增加一带一路区域的繁荣稳定 需要进一步加强的： 最佳实践的分享 将产品标准纳入整个一带一路地区 加入区域供应链的概念 大力支持在一带一路国家现实的资源定价 通过减少资源需求，提高效率和相关贸易的改善将促使一带一路地区的和谐发展

Thank You ! 谢谢！