英語介系詞的翻譯 黃勇仁
轉譯 在作主詞補語的介詞片語中,介詞常轉譯為動詞,而連綴動詞則省略不譯 This motorbike is out of repair. (這部機車失修) 在作目的或原因副詞的介詞片語中,介詞有時轉譯成動詞。 The plane crushed out of control. (這架飛機失去控制而墜毀) The letter E is commonly used for English. (E這個字母常被用來表示英語)
增譯 增詞不是無中生有,而是要根據上下文,尤其是根據與介詞搭配的動詞或形容詞的含義適當地增詞。 The engineer was taken ill with consumption. It was flour on the lungs, the doctor told him at the time. (這個工程師得了肺癆。當時醫生對他說,那是由於麵粉對肺部的影響所造成)
分譯 介詞片語作形容詞時,往往是形容詞子句的一種減化形式。介詞片語作副詞時,有時是副詞子句的減化形式。 The porous wall acts as a kind of seine for separating molecules. (多孔壁的作用就像篩子,它把不同質量的分子分開)
分譯 With all its disadvantages this design is considered to be one of the best. (這設計儘管有種種缺點,仍被認為是最佳設計之一)
不譯 不譯或省略翻譯是在確切表達原文內容的前提下使譯文精簡,合乎中文規範,絕不是任意省略某些介詞。 There are four seasons in a year. (一年有四季) Many water power plants have been built in the country. (這國家已興建許多水力發電廠)
不譯 有些介詞如 for (為了),from (從...),to (對...),on (在...時) 等,可以不譯。 The barometer is a good instrument for measuring air pressure. (氣壓計是測量氣壓的良好儀器) The air was removed from between the two pipes. (兩根管子之間的空氣已抽出)
不譯 表示與主詞有關的某一方面、範圍或內容的介詞有時不譯,這時可把介詞的受詞譯成中文主詞。 Something has gone wrong with the engine. (這部引擎出了毛病) Gold is similar in color to brass. (金子的顏色和黃銅相似)
不譯 不少 of 介詞片語在句中作形容詞,其中 of (...的) 往往不譯。 The change of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done in motors. (電能變為機械能是藉由馬達來完成的)
反譯 在一些情況中,有的介詞片語如不從反面著手,譯文就不通,這時必須反譯。 Some of his poems are past comprehension. (他的某些詩作無法理解) There are some arguments against the possibility of life on this planet. (有些論據不同意這行星上可能有生物)
反譯 off, from 等表示地點,距離時,有時用反譯法。 The boat sank off the coast. (這隻船在離海岸不遠處沉沒了) but, except, besides 等表示除去、除外時,有時用反譯法。 Copper is the best conductor but silver. (銅是僅次於銀的最佳導體)