燃气汽车发动机技术 Automotive Natural Gas Engine Technology 康明斯公司北京办事处 Cummins Corporation Beijing Branch 东亚区工程技术总监 Director-Engineering & Technology East Asia 闵 佟 Min Tong 2006.7.13

Agenda 目录 康明斯西港的产品 CWI Worldwide Products 市场进展 Market Evolution 技术发展 Technology Evolution 小结 Summary

我们的目标 Our Vision 作为世界领先的清洁气体燃料发动机的 供应商向所有客车和卡车用户提供最经济的 解决方案 To be the world’s leading provider of clean gaseous fueled engines that deliver the most economic solution for all bus and truck customers.

市场和应用 Markets and Applications 主要市场 Key Markets 美国,加拿大,英国,法国,奥地利,澳大利亚 US, Canada, UK, France, Austria, Australia 中国(北京,西安,乌鲁木齐,成都,重庆,西宁,上海),菲律宾,印度,埃及,拉丁美洲 China, Philippines, India, Egypt, Latin America 俄罗斯,捷克 Russia, Czech Republic 应用 Applications 公交客车,穿梭接送客车,垃圾运输车 Transit Buses, Shuttle Buses, Refuse trucks 另担运输车,清扫车,压缩天然气运输车 Delivery Trucks, Street Sweepers, CNG Haul trucks

over 12,000 engines in service 发动机累计销售 Cumulative Engine Sales over 12,000 engines in service Worldwide 其中2600台 在中国 2600 in China

市场进展 Market Evolution

产品发展 Product Evolution L10G 燃气发动机 L10G gas engine 第一台闭环电控的B系列发动机 1st closed loop electronic control LB engine C8.3G 投产 Launch C8.3G 增强型技术 Plus Technology 增强型B 燃气发动机 B Gas Plus 增强型B 液化石油气发动机 B LPG Plus 增强型L系列 燃气发动机 L Gas Plus ISL G 1989 B5.9G 1995 1996 C Gas Plus 2001 2002 2003 2004 2007

康明斯西港产品系列产品 CWI Product Line 扭矩 Torque L Gas Plus C Gas Plus 1250 1050 扭矩 Torque L Gas Plus 850 C Gas Plus 650 B LPG Plus B Gas Plus 450 150 200 250 300 350 400 功率 Horsepower

宽广的产品系列 Broadest Product Line Today 5.9 Litre 8.3 Litre 8.9 Litre 195–230 hp 250-280 hp 320 hp 420–500 lb-ft 750 – 850 lb-ft 1000 lb-ft 1.8 NOx+NMHC 1.8 NOx+NMHC 1.5 NOx+NMHC 0.01 PM 0.01 PM 0.01 PM

美国的排放法规 Emissions Regulations 硫含量 氧化氮+非甲烷碳氢 城市客车 Urban Bus * 颗粒物 * Average NOx value during 3 year phase-in period

Today’s Diesel and NG Engine Emissions 目前, 柴油机和天然气发动机排放比较 Comparison on Emissions between Diesel & Gas Engine 0.12 Today’s Diesel and NG Engine Emissions 0.10 0.08 颗粒物 PM (g/bhp-hr) 0.06 CNG < 2003 CNG 2003 Diesel < 2003 Diesel 2003 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 氮氧化物 NOx (g/bhp-hr) Source: DOE 1/28/03

一部柴油机产生的噪音相当于十部天然气发动机的噪音总和 天然气发动机可以降低城市噪音污染 Gas Engine will reduce noise level in the city 天然气发动机低6.1分贝 Natural gas is 6.1 Natural gas is 6.1 天然气发动机低噪音优势已被承认 一部柴油机产生的噪音相当于十部天然气发动机的噪音总和 decibels quieter at decibels quieter at peak torque and load peak torque and load 90.0 90.0 天然气发动机低11.8分贝 Decibels dB(A) Natural gas is 11.8 Natural gas is 11.8 decibels quieter at idle decibels quieter at idle 70.0 70.0 50.0 50.0 Low Idle, No Load Low Idle, No Load 低怠速,无负荷 Peak Torque, Full Load Peak Torque, Full Load 最大扭矩,全负荷 Engine Test Mode Engine Test Mode 柴油车 CG天然气车 Diesel bus engine C Gas Plus

生命周期成本 Life Cycle Costs 随着排放的降低柴油汽车的运营成本会上升而燃气汽车成本保持相对平稳Directionally diesel powered vehicle costs are rising with decreasing emissions, while natural gas vehicle costs are remaining relatively flat 历史上在美国天然气成本按能量等效相比, 较柴油燃料低25% Historically natural gas in the US has cost 25% less than diesel fuel on a gallon equivalent basis 燃料成本上的节约可能是相当大的,特别是高燃耗的应用如城市公交和垃圾收集车 Fuel cost savings can be significant, especially in high fuel use applications like transit bus and refuse collection 当燃料成本和安装成本之和有利于燃气汽车的市场上,可以给用户提供最低的生命周期成本. Can offer customers lowest life cycle cost in markets where combined fuel costs and total vehicle installed cost favors natural gas over diesel fuel

天然气与柴油发动机主要特性的比较 Key Characteristics-Natural Gas vs Diesel 0.2g NOx L 10 G C 8.3 C Plus ISL G 排放 Emissions + 可靠性 Reliability _ 燃料成本/哩程 Fuel Cost/Mile 耐久性 Durability 生命周期成本 LCC 时间 Timeline 1989 1996 2001 2007 2010

过度到氢燃料的途径 Pathway to Hydrogen 以氢为燃料的燃料电池驱动的客车现在还在演示阶段Hydrogen fuel cell powered buses are in demonstration today 掺氢可以减少NOx 排放Hydrogen blends can achieve reduced NOx 康明斯西港发动机现正在演示加氢天然气运营 CWI engines are in demonstration today with hydrogen blended natural gas (20% hydrogen by volume) 50% NOx Reduction

技术发展 Technology Evolution

天然气发动机技术 Natural Gas Technology 八十年代后期车用发动机采用理想化学配比和稀燃两种火花点火技术 In the late 80s, automotive engines utilized both Stoic and Lean Burn spark ignited technologies 化学配比燃烧 排放 稀燃 过量空气系数

稀薄燃烧界限 Lean Burn Combustion Limits Lean Misfire Limit 过稀失火界限 Lean 稀 Rich 浓 Air / Fuel Ratio 空/燃 比 Detonation Limit 爆震界限 Stoichiometric 化学配比 Thermal Limit 热负荷界限 Rich Misfire Limit 过浓失火界限 闭环稀燃 BMEP 开环稀燃 平均有效压力 化学配比

稀燃技术 Lean Burn Technology 对于中载和重型车市场而言稀燃显现为较合适的技术 Lean Burn technology emerged as the appropriate technology for the medium/heavy duty automotive markets -燃料经济性 Fuel efficiency - 功率和扭矩 Power & Torque - 可靠性/耐久性Reliability/durability - 放热 Heat rejection 第一代产品使用固定动力应用中的现成子系统 The 1st generation engines utilized available subsystems from the stationary application engines 燃料系统Fuel system - 点火系统Ignition system 节气阀控制 Throttle control 这些设计的问题是随环境及应用的变动性和敏感性 These designs suffered from variability and sensitivities to both the environment and application

现行的产品技术 Current Product Technology 第二代产品出现于九十年代中期 体现为使用电子控制已及专为汽车应用设计的子系统 2nd Generation engines emerged in the mid 90s and utilized electronic controls with subsystems designed for the automotive applications 减少变动 Reduced variability 集成设计 Integrated design 降低成本 Lower cost 提高可靠性 Improved reliability 从2001年康明斯西港推出第三代”增强型”技术发动机 CWI introduced the 3rd Generation PLUS technology starting 2001 更多的集成 More integration 更能适应环境 Robust against the environment 对应用不敏感 Insensitive to application 更宽的燃气成份适应能力 Wide fuel composition capability 强调可靠性 Emphasis on reliability 故障诊断 Troubleshooting/diagnostics

2007 L 系列产品 ISL G ‘07 2007年产品 ’07 Product 理想化学配比燃烧Soich. Combustion 冷却的废气再循环CEGR 三效催化剂 3-way catalyst 电控Electronic controls 空-空增压中冷Turbocharged, CAC

汽车排放 Automotive Emissions 早期产品 Early Products 现有产品 Current Products 氧化氮+非甲烷碳氢 2007年产品 ‘07Product 颗粒物

用于 ISL G 系列的技术 ISL G Technology 理想化学配比的燃烧允许使用三效催化剂 Stoichiometric combustion allows use of 3-way catalyst 可满足EPA 2010 年及以后的法规 Can meet EPA 2010 and beyond 催化剂技术已由轿车工业所证明 Proven catalyst technology from passenger car industry 可望能满足2010年EPA法规并具有可与柴油机相比的生命周期成本 Expect the technology to deliver EPA 2010 emissions and competitive LCC with diesel 较低的二氧化碳排放 Lower CO2 emission 冷却的废气再循环 Cooled EGR 高扭矩 High torque 高效率 High efficiency 可靠性/耐久性 Reliability/Durability 康明斯柴油机零件通用 Cummins diesel parts

ISL G 示意图 ISLG Schematic 空 – 空 增压中冷器 Charge Air Cooler 节气阀 Throttle EGR冷却器 燃料与EGR混合器 Fuel & EGR Mixing EGR-Cooler Natural Gas 天然气 TWC EGR Valve Turbo EGR阀 三效催化器 增压器 Crankcase Breather 曲轴箱通风

小结 Summary 天然气发动机已经并将继续在降低排放方面领先 Natural gas engines have provided and will continue to provide emissions leadership 天然气发动机技术的持续发展将提供优良的性能,效率,可靠性和生命周期成本等优越性. Natural gas engine technology continues to evolve, providing superior performance, efficiency, reliability, and LCC advantages 为了改善大气质量和合理利用能源在积极的政策鼓励和资助下大量采用天然气发动机汽车是可能的 Significant market adoption of natural gas engines powered vehicle is possible through progressive policy and funding support 天然气发动机可被看成向氢燃料过度的途径之一 Natural gas engines are considered as a pathway to Hydrogen

谢 谢! Thank you!