第20讲 不定式（二）

20.1 不定式与形容词的搭配关系 1.主句主语是不定式结构的逻辑主语： A. 表示喜怒哀乐的形容词+不定式 B. 表示运气好坏的形容词+不定式 C. 表示心理状态、个人态度的形容词+不定式

Eg. He is glad to help others. We were sorry not to be there. She wasn’t content to live a quiet life in a small town. John was very pleased to be given the job. I was surprised to see how angry he was.

Eg. He was lucky to find it. She was unlucky to spoil it. He was fortunate to escape being injured.

Eg. He is anxious to see her. He is not very keen to think about it. I’m determined to finish the work tonight. We are ready to make the attempt.

2. 主句主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语 A. 能以不定式结构作主语并能转换为先行it-结构。 Eg. To answer that question is difficult. It is difficult to answer that question. B. 不能以不定式结构作主语因而不能转换为先行it-句型予以转换。 Eg. The coffee is bitter to taste. They’re both very attractive to look at.

3. 主句主语是不定式结构的逻辑主语或逻辑宾语。 Eg. He is quick to take offence. =He takes offence quickly. He is slow to react. =He reacts slowly. He was hesitant to take action. =He took action hesitantly.

20.2 不定式与名词的搭配关系 1. 主—动关系、动—宾关系、同位关系： A.主—动关系： B.动—宾关系: C.同位关系：

Eg. He was the last guest to arrive. He is not the man to draw back when his dignity is concerned. Have you got a key to unlock the door? This is the best book on the subject to appear this year.

Eg. He has a large family to support. This is the best book to read. There is a quarter of an hour to kill. There was really nothing to fear. There is something important to write home about.

Eg. The boy had an impulse to jump over the fence. I have no wish to quarrel with you. He hit back the urge to tell a lie. Neither of them had any inclination to spend time with Philip.

2. 用主动态还是用被动态 作名词后置修饰语的不定式可以采取主动态，也可采取被动态。 Eg. Give me a list of people to invite /to be invited. 有些情况下，用主动态比被动态自然 Eg. I’ve got letters to write tonight. 而在另外一些情况下，又以用被动态为妥 Eg. The cases to be investigated are not to be made public in press.

3. “名词+不定式”与“名词+介词+-ing分词” Eg. The doctor made a bold attempt to save the child’s life. They made an effort to finish the work in one day, but they failed. Have you any intention to /of going there?

20.3不定式与动词的搭配关系 1. 动词+不定式： 有些动词能直接带不定式，而不能直接带-ing分词。这类动词有：agree, aim, apply, arrange, choose, claim, decide, demand, desire, determine, endeavour, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pledge, prepare, pretend, profess, promise, refuse, resolve, seek, swear, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow 等。

2. 动词+宾语+不定式 有些动词必须先带宾语然后再带不定式，而不能直接带不定式。从形式上看，能先带宾语然后再带不定式的动词有以下五小类： [1] see, hear, watch, feel 等感觉动词 [2] have, let, make, get等致使动词 [3] arrange for, ask for, rely on 等词组动词 [4] consider, declare, find, prove, think, believe, discover, feel, imagine, judge, suppose, understand 等表示心理状态的动词 [5] advise, allow, forbid, permit, recommend, require, urge

3. 动词+（宾语）+不定式： 这一类动词如ask， can’t bear, hate, intend, like, prefer 等，即可直接带不定式，也可带宾语+不定式 Eg. She asked to be given more work to do They often asked us to go out for a walk. I can’t bear to see you like this. The child couldn’t bear me to be away so long.

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