Reading and Vocabulary & Grammar 1 No. 1

A Lively City --- Xiamen

What tense do these sentences use? Grammar 1. I have seen quite a lot of China and I’ve visited some beautiful cities. 2. They’ve put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently. 3. My wife has just bought a beautiful dress… have/has + done (过去分词)

现在完成时 (Present perfect tense) (一) 现在完成时的基本用法： 1. 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。 I have finished my work. We have set up many new factories. 2. 动作发生在过去, 强调对现在的结果、 影响等。 Have you ever seen the film Harry Potter? I’ve spent 3 years in the countryside.

3. 表示动作发生在过去,并且一直持续到现在, 甚至还可能继续下去, 句中使用持续性动词, 且常有表示一段时间的时间状语。 We have lived here for ten years. I’ve been an English teacher for about 10 years.

非延续性动词: 表示短暂的运动状态，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，常用的动词有： come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, reach, get, get up , join, marry, open, close, give, lend, borrow, finish, break, see, hear, notice, find, understand, die等。 I have bought this book for two years. (X) I have had this book for two years. I have come here for ten years. (X) I have been here for ten years.

延续性动词: 表示长时间的运动状态,能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 常用的动词有: live, study, work, teach, stay, read, play, fly, talk, rain, eat, run等。 I have lived here since ten years ago(2004)/(I worked here) I have taught English for ten years.

4. 现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中, 表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。 I’ll go home as soon as I have finished my homework. Please lend me that book if you have finished reading it.

(二) 使用现在完成时的句型 1) It/This is the first/其他序数词/last time + (that) sb. have/has done sth. 2) This/it is (one of)+ 形容词最高级 … n. that sb. have/has done 3) It has been + a period of time + since sb. did sth. 4) S + have/has done + since + 5) S + have/has done + for + 段时间状语 1.时间点（1990） 2.时间段+ago（ten years ago） 3.从句（一般过去时）

Key Patterns This is the second time that I have come to Beijing. This is the first time I’ve visited your hometown. This/It is the first/second…time (that) sb. have/has done sth. This is the second time that I have come to Beijing.

Key Patterns That is the most interesting book that I have read. This is one of the most attractive places I’ve been to. That is the most interesting book that I have read. She has the sweetest voice that I have ever heard. This/it is (one of)+ 形容词最高级 … n. that sb. have/has done

Key Patterns It has been over one year since I came back from America. It has been six years since we last saw each other. It is/has been + a period of time + since sb. did sth. It has been over one year since I came back from America.

Key Patterns S + have/has done + since + I have taught English since 2004. I have taught English since 10 years ago. I have taught English since I graduated from university. S + have/has done + since + 1.时间点（1990） 2.时间段+ago（ten years ago） 3.从句（一般过去时）

Key Patterns I have taught English for ten years. S + have/has done + for + 段时间状语 We have studied in Mianyang High School for two months.

(三)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别: 现在完成时表示某一已经完成的动作对现在造成的结果或影响，强调的是现在的情况，所以不能与表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示某一动作或状态在过去发生或存在过， 与现在不发生联系，它可以与表示过去的时间状语连用。

He has read that book. (说明他现在知道那本书的内容) He read that book last year. (只说明他去年读过那本书 ) He has gone to America. (他现在不在此地， 在美国) He went to America. (只说明他去过美国)

—Is your brother still a soldier? —No, he___ for 8 years. is B. was C. has been D. had been

Group the following words and expressions Grammar Past tense Present prefect tense yesterday so far yet up to now already recently last week till now eight years ago two years before just in 1992

Group the following words and expressions Grammar Past tense yesterday last week eight years ago in 1992 Present prefect tense so far yet up to now already recently till now two years before just

Practice Complete the following sentences with the right form of the verbs in the brackets. I __________ (come) to Tanghu Middle School eight years ago. Up to now, I ______________ (understand) everything the teacher said. Tom __________ (not see) that movie yet. Lily _______ (visit) her grandparents last week. He ____ just _______ (finish) his homework. She __________ (know) me ten years before. came have understood hasn’t seen visited has finished has known

Exercises 1. It is the third time you __ late this week. A. had arrived B. arrived C. have arrived D. are arriving 2. — Did you enjoy your holiday? — Wonderful. It is years _____ I enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. when C. before D. since

3. — How are you today? — Oh, I ____ as ill as I do today for a very long time. A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt 4. — ___ David and Vicky ___married? — For about three years. A. How long have; been B. How long have; got C. How long were; being D. How long did; get

5. When I was at college, I ___ three foreign languages, but I ___ all except a few words of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken ; have forgotten

6. — Where ____ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere. — I _____ right here. But now it’s gone. A. did you put; have put B. had you put; was putting C. have you put; put D. were you putting; have put

7. The price ____, but I doubt whether it will remain so. A. went down B. will go down C. was going down D. has gone down 8. They are discussing the problem the whole afternoon, but they ___ a decision so far. A. didn’t reach B. won’t arrive at C. haven’t come to D . all above

实战高考 — I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. — I think so. He _______ for it for months. (2008 江苏) A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing

2. — Do you think we should accept that offer? — Yes, we should, for we ___ such bad luck up till now, and time ____ out. (2008 江西) A. have had; is running B. had; is running C. have; has been run D. have had; has been run

3. — What is the price of petrol these days? — Oh, it ______ sharply since last month. (2009 江西) 　A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased 4. His sister left home in 1998, and ______ since. (2009 全国I) A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of C. had not heard of D. has not heard of

5. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ______ before leaving their hometowns. (2010 福建) A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised

6. Tom ______ in the library every night over the last three months. (2011 北京) A. works B. worked C. have been working D. had been working

Thanks For Your Attention!