Digital Library Initiatives - Planning and Practice @ Johns Hopkins University 数字化图书馆— 约翰 • 霍普金斯大学的计划和实践 Wang, Xuemao 王雪茅 Johns Hopkins University 约翰 • 霍普金斯大学 www.library.jhu.edu xmw@jhu.edu Digital Library Seminar, Aug. 14-17, 2006, Beijing, China 2018年9月20日星期四

Tonight’s Agenda 今日日程 My presentation – about 30 minutes 讲演—大约30分钟 Scope of today’s discussion: a sample of case study, just a taste! 今天讨论的范畴：只是一个案例分析的样板。 Introduction to the case study method 介绍案例分析的方法 Introduction to JHU “case” 介绍约翰 • 霍普金斯大学“案例” Overview of JHU, and its libraries 简介约翰 • 霍普金斯大学及其图书馆 Overview of Hopkins DL initiatives 简介霍普金斯数字图书馆革新 What are available resources? 有什么可使用资源？ What are recommendations? 有何建议？

Tonight’s Agenda (Cond’) 今日日程 Discussion and group activity 讨论和分组活动 Discussion should focus on: strategic, philosophical, creative, organizational, and imaginative! Don’t worry about: implementation details. 讨论的重点是：战略性, 务虚, 创新性、组织性、以及想象性！不要太关心：实施的细节。 Divide group by topics 分组讨论 Option and Recommendation analysis template 分析的模板 Small group report back to large group 小组讨论汇报 My role: a discussion facilitator, not a teacher! 我的角色：讨论的组织者，而不是一个老师！ Your role: a participant, not a student! 你的角色: 参与者,而不是一个学生! Time allocation: 1). 30 minutes presentation, 2). 30 minutes group discussions, 3). 60 minutes group presentation. No breaks! 时间表: 30 分钟演讲, 30 分钟分组讨论, 60 分钟分组汇报演讲. 没有中间休息!

Digital Library- the definition 数字化图书馆—定义 Definition of DL 数字化图书馆的定义 No uniformed agreement! 没有统一的说法! “真正的数字图书馆 (1)绝不是简单的数字馆藏，(2)也不等于将图书馆流程乃至其部分或全部藏书数字化，(3)亦非网上资源的一个简单目录或一个工具书的电子版，(4)数字图书馆更不是以展示某一先进技术为目的的一个产品。” (曾蕾 张甲 杨宗英, 《情报学报》2000, No.1) “数字图书馆’的概念并不仅仅是一个有着信息管理工具的数字收藏的等价词，数字图书馆更是一个环境，它将收藏、服务、和人带到一起以 支持数据、信息、乃至知识的全部流程，包括从创造、传播、使用、到保存的全过程” (NSF “分散式知识工作环境”专题讨论 http://www.si.umich.edu/SantaFe/) What you can Google out: http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&safe=active&rls=GGGL,GGGL:2006-22,GGGL:en&defl=en&q=define:Digital+library&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title

DL Definition on Google Google上的数字化图书馆的定义 Put Chinese translation into next new slides for two arrow pointed definitions here. A digital library comprises digital collections, services and infrastructure to support lifelong learning, research, scholarly communication and preservation.

Digital Library- the definition 数字化图书馆—定义 (Cond’) For tonight’s discussion 今天讨论中的数字化图书馆的定义 A digital library comprises digital collections, services and infrastructure to support lifelong learning, research, scholarly communication and preservation. (wikipedia) 数字化图书馆有数字化的馆藏、服务和基础结构组成，它为终身的学习、研究、学术交流和保存提供支持。

About Case Study 关于案例分析 A few words about Case Study method? 简介案例分析的方法 What is case study method 什么是案例分析方法？ How the case study method benefit learning 案例分析方法如何帮助我们学习？ Major components of case study 案例分析的要素 How is this case study structured? 案例分析是如何组成的？ What is case study: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_study http://college.hmco.com/business/resources/casestudies/students/index.html 1). What is case studies: “systematically arranged problems reported from life” (former Dean of HBS) 2). How the case study will benefit you? -Integrate theory and practice -Live with ambiguity and incompleteness -Develop critical thinking skills -Lean to hold the “big” one and give up “small” one -Develop shared learning and team working skills -Provide opportunity to demonstrate your original thoughts -Improve your presentation and debate skills 3). Major components of case studies -organization's mission, history, development and growth -internal strengths and weakness -external environment -SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) analysis -Overall organization strategy analysis -Business/unit level strategy analysis -Organization existing structure and control systems, and how they match its strategy -Recommendations Note: -based on today’s structure, we may call it as Case Introduction, not the in-depth study

About Case Study (Cond’) 关于案例分析 Some “ground rules” for case studies discussion 案例分析讨论一些“原则” Life is full of ambiguity and incompleteness 生活充满了模糊性和不完整性 Just it is in print or someone said, it does not mean it is true! 即使是出版的或者是别人说过的，并不意味着那就是正确的！ There is no “right” or “wrong” answer, but there is a “best” explained answer. 没有“正确”或者“错误”的答案，只有解释最完美的答案。 The difference between “guess” and “estimate” “猜想”和“估计”之间的区别 When it is in doubt, use your common sense, and follow your guts! 当疑惑不定的时候,相信你的常识与胆略! Be prepared to defend your ideas 准备好为你的观点辩护

About SWOT Analysis 关于SWOT分析 A SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. Strengths and weaknesses are internal to an organization. Opportunities and threats originate from outside the organization. A SWOT analysis, usually performed early in the project development process, helps organizations evaluate the environmental factors and internal situation facing a project. Strengths are attributes of the organization that are helpful to the achievement of the objective. Weaknesses are attributes of the organization that are harmful to the achievement of the objective. Opportunities are external conditions that are helpful to the achievement of the objective. Threats are external conditions that are harmful to the achievement of the objective. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis

Today’s case – JHU library technologies integration 今天的案例—约翰 • 霍普金斯大学 图书馆的技术整合 Johns Hopkins University 约翰 • 霍普金斯大学 Hopkins libraries 霍普金斯大学图书馆 Libraries technology environment 图书馆的技术环境 Systems 系统部门 LDP (Library Digital Program) 数字化图书馆项目部 CER (Center for Educational Resources) 教育资源中心 ULC 大学图书馆馆长委员会 HILTs (Hopkins Integrated Library Technology and Service) IT@JH 约翰 • 霍普金斯大学信息技术中心 External 外界的技术资源 Use Winston’s slides

Libraries’ Stakeholders 图书馆的利益相关者 Sheridan Libraries’ Stakeholders 肖瑞丹图书馆的利益相关者 Faculty/Staff 教职员工 Students 学生 Alumni 校友 Trustees 董事会 Donors 资助者 Other academic libraries 其他高校图书馆

Sheridan’s Major DL Initiatives 主要的数字化图书馆项目 Systems projects 系统部门的项目 ILS (Horizon) SFX/MetaLib HERMES (home-grow ERM software) SiteExecutive CMS Hopkins Student Portal (uPortal) RAUL, VPN, EZProxy and Shibboleth JIRA/Confluence tracking software Blog, Wiki, Elluminate, Skype, and IM LDP’s projects 数字化图书馆项目部的项目 Digital services (e.g. ArcIMS map software, ETDs) Digital collections (e.g. Historical Baltimore Census, The Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music) Digital Knowledge Center (e.g. Comprehensive Access to Printed Materials (CAPM); Archive Ingest and Handling Test (AIHT)

Major DL Initiatives (Cond’) 主要的数字化图书馆项目 CER’s projects 教育资源中心 的项目 In class room voting Web CT, Blackboard and Sakai Interactive Map Technology fellowship program TA training IT@JH projects 约翰 • 霍普金斯大学信息技术中心的项目 SSO with SiteMinder Enterprise Directory (JHED) Student Information Systems HopkinsOne ($200 million project with SAP)

What’s the problem? 问题是什么? Sheridan Libraries technology organization 肖瑞丹图书馆的技术组织 University IT (3 units) vs. Library IT 学校IT 部门和图书馆的IT部门 IT infrastructure: 信息技术的基础结构 Hardware: mixed Unix/Linux /Windows/Macs 硬件: 包括Unix/Linux/Windows/Macs多种系统 Software: ILS, CMS, Portal, Instructional, courseware, and desktop technologies 软件: 图书馆信息系统, Single sign-on (SSO) and Identity Management 单一登陆（SSO)和用户认证管理 Access interface, e.g OPAC, Portal, Federated Search, etc 用户界面，例如门户服务，联合搜索，等等 Repositories: IR, Catalog, and others… 信息库: 学校信息库, 图书馆目录,以及其他 The “devil” is at the integration! 困难在于如何整合

Problems (Cond’) 问题是什么? Single Sign-On (SSO) 单一登陆（SSO) Only to partial library application 仅仅适用于一部分图书馆的应用 Authentication vs. Authorization, e.g. Shibboleth 缺损授权，例如Shibboleth Portal门户服务 Not yet becoming the “entrance” to all library resources. Difficulty to do so as commercial software does not usually provide API 还没有真正成为所有图书馆资源的“门户”，困难在于商业软件通常没有提供API。 Repositories 信息库 Data is everywhere, and single repository is still a dream… 信息无处不在，统一的信息库仍然是一个梦想。。。 Strong researches, weak applications 理论联系实际脱节

Options 可能采取的方法 Option 1: total integration 方法一：全部整合 Option 2: partial integration 方法二：部分整合 Option 3: disparate system 方法三：分散系统 Option 4: virtual integration方法四：虚拟整合 Option 5: do nothing! 方法五：啥也不做! Options should come out from large group discussions, but how you can do it from 180 people?

Recommendations 建议 (Template) Statement of option 列出可能的方法 Stakeholder analysis 利益相关者的分析 Pros vs. Cons 优势和劣势 Cost factors analysis成本因素和财政分析 Policies analysis 政策分析 Staffing analysis 员工分析 Access, usability and accessibility analysis 获取，可用性以及可获取性的分析 Tech infrastructure analysis 技术基础结构分析 Technology standards analysis 技术标准分析 Preservation analysis 长期保存分析 Only ask the large group to contribute no more than two(2) pros and cons, and leave rest for later group assignment

Sample Case Questions What are the internal supporting factors Sheridan Libraries possess in supporting DL initiatives? 关于支持数字化图书馆项目，肖瑞丹图书馆拥有什么内在支持的资源？ What are major technologies integration problems with Hopkins libraries? What is the key problem, and why? 霍普金斯图书馆有什么主要的技术整合的问题？最主要的问题是什么，为什么？ What are possible external supporting factors for Sheridan Libraries DL initiative? 肖瑞丹图书馆又有什么可能的外在因素来支持数字化图书馆项目? Need Chinese translation

Group Assignment 小组活动 Let’s divide the large group into four groups according following topics: 按照下面的论题分成 4 组进行讨论: 1). Strategy, staffing, funding and management 战略,员工,资金和管理 2). Technology infrastructure: hardware, software, preservation, etc 技术基础结构: 硬件,软件,长期保存, 等等 3). Standard and policy: metadata, interoperability, etc. 标准和政策: 元数据, 互通性,等等 4). Public access and discovery: interface, search, usability etc. 公众获取与查询: 界面, 搜索, 可访性,等等 You choose which group you’d like to join by selecting which topic you are mostly interested 你可以根据你最感兴趣的论题来选择你想参加小组,进行讨论.

Group Assignment (Cond’) 小组活动 Elect a discussion facilitator, and a note taker for each group 请每组选出一个讨论的组织者,和一个记录员 Use the recommendation template and case study questions, but not limited to them 参考问题, 但不要局限于此. Summarize recommendation and report back to large group with a group presentation 总结建议,并向大家汇报.

Facilitator’s Responsibility 讨论组织者的职责 Encourage maximal participation 鼓励大家积极参与 Stay neutral, don’t dominate the discussion 保持中立,不用主导讨论 Control time and ask people to “shut up” if it is needed 控制时间,并且在需要的时候中止别人的发言 Ensure note is taken 保证笔记的记录 Conduct an election on final report presentation team 主持选举出最后汇报的人选 Organize final group presentation and recommendations 组织最后的汇报讲演和建议 Options should come out from large group discussions, but how you can do it from 180 people!?

Example of Action-oriented Plan 以行动为主的计划的例子 Goal/objective目标/方针 Stakeholder analysis利益相关者分析 Library resource analysis 图书馆资源分析 Major project milestones/deliverables 主要项目的里程碑和成果 Funding sources and major cost factors 资金来源和主要的成本因素 Estimated timeframe (in month for this case) 估计的时间框架(在该案例中按月来计算) Evaluation, assessment and measurement 评估和测量 Leadership and members of implementation team (list positions) 领导和实施小组的成员(请列出人员职位) Assign responsive parties to tasks 给负责的相关人士布置任务

Group Presentation 小组汇报 Each group will give 15 minutes presentation. 每组有15分钟的讲演时间. You should avoid having only one person to talk. Split tasks, have more speakers! 避免只有一个人来讲演.让更多的人来汇报,将任务分配好. You should leave half of your time for Q & A. 留下一半的时间给大家提问.

Now it’s time to do your work! 现在大家开始小组活动! THANK YOU! 谢谢! xmw@jhu.edu