P R O F I B U S 技 术 培 训 EN 50170 EN 50170 第 一 部 分 概 论 P R O C E S S EUROPEAN FIELDBUS STANDARD EN 50170 P R O C E S S M A N U F A C T U R I N G B U I L D I N G EUROPEAN FIELDBUS STANDARD EN 50170 This part gives a general overview and introduces the PROFIBUS family. 第 一 部 分 概 论

通 信 透 明 从 传 感 器／执 行 器 到 区 域 控 制 器 工厂级 Ethernet/TCP/IP TCP/IP/Ethernet PC/VME 总线 循环时间 < 1000 ms CNC 车间级 PROFIBUS-FMS VME/PC 总线 循环时间 < 100 ms PLC DCS PROFIBUS consists of 3 compatible variations. PROFIBUS-FMS is suitable for the communication between intelligent field devices like PLCs and PCs. PROFIBUS-FMS offers a wide range of powerful application services which meet the communication requirements between intelligent devices. PROFIBUS-DP is used for the communication between intelligent devices and the distributed I/Os. PROFIBUS-DP is very fast, very efficient and easy to use. PROFIBUS-FMS and PROFIBUS-DP operate on the same cable and are using the same transmission technology - so they can be combined in any way on the same cable. PROFIBUS-PA is dedicated to the process industry. PROFIBUS-PA uses the PROFIBUS-DP protocol and the IEC 1158-2 transmission technology. PA can operate in intrinsically safe areas and offers the possibility to power the field devices over the bus. Today, PROFIBUS is the only Fieldbus system offering a complete and proven solution for both manufacturing (H2) and process (H1). 现场级 PROFIBUS-DP PROFIBUS-PA 总线 循环时间 < 10 ms

PROFIBUS-FMS PROFIBUS-DP PROFIBUS-PA EN 50170 Volume 2 通用目的自动化 工厂自动化 过程自动化 PROFIBUS-FMS RS 485 / FO PROFIBUS-DP RS 485 / FO PROFIBUS-PA IEC 1158-2 通用 快速 面向应用 PROFIBUS is standardized in the European standard EN 50 170 volume 2. PROFIBUS-FMS is the universal solution dedicated to the automation for general purposes. It offers a large variety of applications and it offers the possibility for multi-master communication between intelligent devices. PROFIBUS-DP is the solution especially dedicated to the factory automation. It is very fast, offers plug-and-play systems, and is efficient and cost-effective. PROFIBUS-PA is dedicated to process automation. It uses the PROFIBUS-DP protocol and the IEC 1158-2 transmission technology and offers the possibility to power the stations over the bus. The protocol functions of PROFIBUS are supplemented by profiles which describe how to use PROFIBUS in special application areas. Examples for device profiles are: drives, encoders, NC/RC. Branch profiles include the PROFIBUS-PA profile for instruments e.g. temperature, pressure, .... as well as profiles for building automation. Profiles are defined in the guidelines of PROFIBUS International. Application Profiles Device Profiles - 大 范 围 的 应 用 - 多 主 通 信 - 即 插 即 用 - 高 效、廉 价 - 总 线 供 电 - 本 质 安 全

PROFIBUS 是 国 际 性 的 开 放 的 现 场 总 线 标 准 EN 50170 PROFIBUS 是 国 际 性 的 开 放 的 现 场 总 线 标 准 PROFIBUS 标准 EN 50170 是完整的、开放的、与制造商无关的、已经生效的 稳固的 PROFIBUS 标准保护世界范围的用户和制造商的投资 PROFIBUS 经实践证明并在世界范围内已安装使用的设备超过3,000,000 个。（截止于１９９９年3季度） The European standardization of PROFIBUS saves users' and vendors' investments. EN 50 170 has been ratified by all 18 European countries and achieves world-wide acceptance. The standardization of PROFIBUS guarantees that the technology is open for everybody, vendor-independent and free of intellectual property rights. Today (Q1/98) EN 50170 contains the full specification of PROFIBUS-FMS and DP. In Q1/98 the Amendment 2 to EN 50170 has been issued for voting. This part describes the use of the IEC 1158-2 transmission technology for PROFIBUS. The voting will be finished in Q3/98. PROFIBUS International is actively supporting the IEC standardization with proven PROFIBUS technology. Since IEC standardization is mainly politically influenced, the future IEC Fieldbus Standard might not include all parts of the PROFIBUS technology and define a solution that will not fulfill the user requirements. Even in this case, the PROFIBUS technology will be kept stable and will be available for all users and vendors world-wide.

PROFIBUS 给客户的好处 节省硬件和安装费用 减少硬件成份 (I/O, 终端块、隔离栅) 更容易、更快捷和低成本的安装 节省工程费用 更容易组态(对所有设备只需一套工具) 更容易保养和维修 更容易和更快捷的系统起动 更大的制造灵活性 改进功能 减少故障时间 准确、可靠的诊断数据 可靠的数字传输技术 Users benefit from the use of PROFIBUS in their plants. The customer's advantages are listed on the slide. Further information and detailed examples are given in part 6 of this slide set.

PROFIBUS 减少40%的安装费用 100% 22% 27% 57% 12% 22% 51% 23% 100% 50% 0% 工 程 费 22% 组 装 费 51% The use of PROFIBUS reduces the efforts in wiring up to 40 %. This has been proven by a study of NAMUR (the leading user organization of the chemical industry in Germany) as well as in many successful applications world-wide. User reports (e.g. General Motors, Wacker Chemie ...) clearly confirm these cost reductions. The reports are available in the publications of PROFIBUS International (Web Site, Electronic Product Guide). The cost reductions in hardware are caused by less I/O modules in the PLCs and less wiring cost. Additional savings in the process automation occur due to less power supplies, isolators and barriers. Cost savings in assembly are mainly caused by simple two-wire connections instead of many separate parallel wires. This also leads to cost savings due to reduced maintenance efforts. 23% 硬 件 费 0% Today (4...20mA) PROFIBUS 硬 件 组 装 工 程 来源：: Namur, AK 3.5

到目前为止，已250家不同的制造商可提供 1,900 多个产品 1,200* 多个产品 - 一个标准 到目前为止，已250家不同的制造商可提供 1,900 多个产品 你可免费获得最新的 PROFIBUS 电子产品指南的拷贝: PROFIBUS 产 品 指 南 从每一个PROFIBUS用户的CD-ROM或软盘 There is a very wide range of PROFIBUS products available. The latest edition of the PROFIBUS Product Guide covers more than 1200 different products and services which are offered by more than 250 different vendors world-wide. The product range covers all necessary industrial equipment. This wide range enables users to select their favourite supplier and the best product for the job. The complete overview of the PROFIBUS product range is given in the PROFIBUS Product Guide which can be obtained free of charge from every User Organisation world-wide or from the PROFIBUS Web-Site under http://www.profibus.com 或访问PROFIBUS的国际网页: http://www.profibus.com

产品范围正快速增长 批准欧洲标准 EN 50 170 PROFIBUS-DP 批准PROFIBUS-FMS DIN 19245 part 1+2 批准PROFIBUS-DP DIN 19245 part 3 批准 PROFIBUS-PA DIN 19245 part 4 PROFIBUS-FMS FMS/DP组合 设备的份额 The standardization of PROFIBUS as European Fieldbus Standard EN 50 170 protects the investments of users and vendors and is a stable basis for product developments and the use of the PROFIBUS technology in many applications world-wide. The total number of products is >1,200. Please note that combi devices are counted twice in this graph. PROFIBUS-PA FMS DP FMS/DP组合设备 PA

PROFIBUS 产品范围 驱动器 控制器 软件驱动程序 工具 分散的 I/O 网络部件 服务 主机接口 阀 HMI（人机界面） 仪器仪表 AC Drives DC Drives 控制器 PLC/NC/RC VME , PC 工作站 软件驱动程序 DOS/Windows/NT/95 OS9/VRTX VxWorks/PSOS+ OS2, QNX UNIX/VMS 工具 组态 总线监视器 工程 分散的 I/O 二进制 I/O 模拟 I/O 调节器 计时器 计数器 识别系统 网络部件 中继器 光纤 电缆 服务 开发支持 实施支持 培训 主机接口 VAX 计算机 VME 计算机 This slide gives more details about the available products. 阀 气动阀 电磁阀 HMI（人机界面） 操作面板 文本显示 仪器仪表 液位 流量 压力 温度 网关 AS-Interface 各种专用网络

经认证的产品确保互操作性 Device PROFIBUS 国际已经建立了质量认证系统，包括产品的一致性和互操作性的测试 几百个产品已经通过了认证 在欧洲和美国建有这样的测试实验室 经认证的产品都有一个认证号，它们已在 PROFIBUS 电子产品指南中列出 在测试实验室 进行测试 No OK ? PROFIBUS International has established a qualified certification procedure according to EN 45 000. Certified products ensure interoperability and conformity. This means that products from different vendors can communicate together without any problems. Each certificate has an individual certification number for reference. The certified products with their certification number are listed in the Electronic Product Guide. They have been tested for their conformity to the PROFIBUS standard. Furthermore the interoperability of the devices from different vendors is part of the test. The tests are performed by accredited test laboratories in Europe or the US. Most of the important users like General Motors require certified products to be used in their plants. The certification is done in 2 steps: First of all the products are tested for their interoperability and conformity to the standard at a test laboratory. Having successfully passed the test procedure they are formally certified by PROFIBUS International. Yes 由PROFIBUS 国际认证

PROFIBUS 是领先的开放的现场总线系统 独立的市场研究证实， PROFIBUS 在欧洲是市场的领导者，且在世界范围内有最高的增长率。在１９９７年已安装的PROFIBUS 基本设备超过了 1,500,0001 个，年增长到约20 - 30% 。 市场总值 根据 1997 ARC 的市场研究现场总线的世界市场总值大于2 百 万个节点， 50％以上是用在欧洲。 The market for Fieldbus systems has grown very rapidly in the past few years and has now reached a world-wide volume of approx. 2 Mio. nodes per year. The clear winners are open and vendor independent Fieldbus systems while the market share of proprietary networks is rapidly decreasing. In Europe, Fieldbus technology is more popular than in other parts of the world. More than 90% of the installed nodes are used in manufacturing and building automation. After the availibility of real PROFIBUS-PA devices in mid 1997, first digital Fieldbus systems were installed in process automation, and after a period of only three months, more than 15,000 PROFIBUS-PA devices were sold. The market shares of the different Fieldbus systems have been analysed by three different market research companies. Two of them Consultic (Germany) and IMS (United Kingdom), were based on several hundreds of end user interviews. They are focused on market shares during 1996 and a forecast until year 2000. Both studies came to the conclusion that PROFIBUS is the clear market leader in Europe. The third study from ARC (USA) is based on vendor interviews only. This study came to the conclusion that INTERBUS-S is the world-market leader. The reasons for the different conclusion are as follows: The ARC study is based on the installed base and not on the actual use (like Consultic and IMS). Due to the fact that Interbus-S has been available on the market for two years longer, the installed base is higher than for PROFIBUS. In contrast to ARC, Consultic and IMS focused on current sales and not on the already installed base. Consultic and IMS clearly state that PROFIBUS is currently the most often used system. ARC is mainly based on vendor interviews with chip manufacturers. ARC did not take into account that a lot of PROFIBUS devices are pure software solutions on standard micro processors. Different market segments have been analysed. 市场份额 根据 1996 Consultic 关于德国和欧洲市场的市场研究2 。PROFIBUS 在欧洲市场中约占 41% 。 1 Status: Q4/1997 2 Details are available for all paid-up members of PROFIBUS International

PROFIBUS 协议符合 ISO/OSI 的开放系统参考模型 FMS DP PA DP- 行规 PA- 行规 FMS Layer 设备 行规 用户层 DP- 扩充功能 DP 基本功能 应用层 现场总线信息规范 (7) The protocol architecture of PROFIBUS is in accordance with the ISO/ OSI (Open System Interconnection) reference model in accordance with the international standard ISO 7498. In this model, every transmission layer handles precisely defined tasks. Layer 1 (physical layer) defines the physical transmission characteristics, Layer 2 (data link layer) defines the bus access protocol. Layer 7 (application layer) defines the application functions. The use of the IEC transmission technology (IEC 1158-2) with PROFIBUS = PROFIBUS-PA has been standardized in DIN E 19 245 part 4 which is currently under vote as amendment 2 to the European standard EN 50 170 volume 2. The end of the voting period is expected in Q3/1998. (3)-(6) 未用 数据链路层 现场总线数据链路 IEC 接口 (2) 物理层 RS-485 / 光纤 IEC 1158-2 (1) EN 50 170 PROFIBUS 导则 + 行规

三种有效的传输技术: 提供三种不同的物理层选择: PROFIBUS 使用两端有终端的总线拓扑 站 1 ..... 站 n 终端 PROFIBUS 使用两端有终端的总线拓扑 在运行期间，接入和断开一个或几个站不会影响其他站的工作，即使 在本质安全区也如此。 提供三种不同的物理层选择: The transmission technology of PROFIBUS is based on a two-wire twisted pair cable with termination at both ends. The devices are connected in a bus topology. This ensures that all devices can be coupled or un-coupled even in intrinsically safe areas during operation without affecting other devices. This is a very important benefit of PROFIBUS in comparison with other fieldbus systems. 3 different physical layer options are permitted: RS 485 which is used at PROFIBUS-DP and PROFIBUS-FMS. It uses a simple shielded twisted pair cable and can operate on baud-rates up to 12MBit. For PROFIBUS-PA, the IEC 1158 - 2 transmission technology is used which offers intrinsic safety and powering of the devices over the bus. (Further details see next slide) Fibre optic components are available for use with PROFIBUS. This enables the application of PROFIBUS even in areas with high requirements on electromagnetic compatibility or at very long distances. RS 485: 用于 DP 和 FMS IEC 1158-2: 用于 PA 光纤: 用于 DP 和 FMS

PROFIBUS 协议 PROFIBUS 总线访问协议（第二层）对三种PROFIBUS 版本 (FMS/DP/PA)均相同 因为 FMS/DP 使用相同的物理介质 (RS-485/FO) ，因此它们 能组合在同一根电缆上。 主设备间的逻辑令牌环 主动站、主设备 PLC PC PLC This slide shows the PROFIBUS bus access mechanism. PROFIBUS distinguishes between active stations like PLCs or PCs - they are called Master devices - and passive stations like sensors or actuators - they are called Slave devices. A logical token ring is established by the bus access protocol between the intelligent stations. The right to access the bus is passed between the stations by means of the token. The token is a special telegram which is transmitted over the bus. When a master station owns the token, it has the right to access the bus and to communicate with all other active or passive stations. The overall Token Rotation Time is user defined during configuration. Each station calculates the individual Token Hold Time and ensures that the overall Token Rotation Time is not expired. This guarantees fair bus access for all stations. Simple devices like sensors and actuators need not implement the logical token passing protocol. The advantage is that the protocol is very simple for passive stations which can be realized cost-efficiently by single-chip ASIC technology. All PROFIBUS variations use the same bus access protocol. PROFIBUS 被动站、从设备

PROFIBUS-DP 的特点: 代替 PLC/PC 与 I/O 之间昂贵的电线 快速，传输 1 千字节的输入数据和 1千字节的输出数据所需时间<2 ms 强有力的工具，减少组态和维护费用 被所有主要的 PLC 制造商支持 有广泛的产品: PLC, PC, I/O, 驱动器, 阀, 编码器等 允许周期性和非周期性的数据传输 单主和多主网络 每个站的输入和输出数据最多可达 244 字节 This slide gives you an overview on the characteristic features of PROFIBUS-DP, the fast and efficient variation of PROFIBUS dedicated to factory automation. 15

典型的PROFIBUS-DP 系统 主站 从站 从站 从站 从站 一个典型的 PROFIBUS-DP 系统的组成: PROFIBUS-DP 一个 PLC/PC 作为中央控制器 各种外围设备，如: 数字或模拟 I/O AC 或 DC 驱动器 电磁或气动阀 人机界面 (HMI) 主站 PLC PLC RS 485 up to 12 MBit/s PROFIBUS-DP PROFIBUS-DP mainly operates in mono-master systems. This means that one master station, for example a PLC, is connected by PROFIBUS-DP with the distributed peripherals like inputs and outputs or sensors and actuators. PROFIBUS-DP replaces the parallel wiring between the PLC and the peripherals. This reduces costs up to 40%. A PROFIBUS-DP mono-master system consists of 1 to 125 Slaves; i.e one Master class 1 - this is the PLC - and up to 125 Slaves. The mono-master systems reach the shortest bus-cycle time and are able to transmit 1 kByte of input and output data in less than 2 ms. It is also permitted to build Multi-Master Systems with PROFIBUS-DP. Details are described later. 从站 从站 从站 从站

PA = Process Automation PROFIBUS-PA 的特点 PA = Process Automation 基于扩展的 PROFIBUS-DP 协议和 IEC 1158-2 传输技术 适用于代替现今的 4...20 mA 技术 仅用一根双绞线进行数据通信和供电 通过串行总线联接仪器仪表与控制系统 适用于本质安全的 EEx 应用区域 可靠的串行数字传输 通过一根双绞电缆进行控制、调节和监视 对所有设备只需一个工程工具 由于 PROFIBUS-PA 行规，保证了互操作性和互换性 仪器仪表的维护和诊断信息 PROFIBUS-PA is the PROFIBUS solution dedicated to the process industry. It is suitable to replace today's 4...20 mA technology and it offers functional improvements and a reliable digital transmission technology. Control, regulation and monitoring can be done via a simple twisted pair cable. It is permitted e.g. to transmit the measured value together with the related status of the field device over the bus. PROFIBUS-PA can be used in intrinsic safe areas and offers the possibility to power the field devices over the bus. The PROFIBUS-PA profile ensures full interoperability of devices from different vendors. It is based on the internationally accepted function block technology.

+ 带有 PROFIBUS-PA 的典型系统配置 H2 H1 I 区域控制器 (PLC) PROFIBUS-DP 工程或 HMI 工具 RS 485 up to 12 MBit/s PROFIBUS-DP + I IEC 1158-2 with 31.25 kBit/s Usually, the DCS controller as well as the engineering tool are located in the non-intrinsic safe area and therefore they are connected to the high speed (H2) PROFIBUS-DP network. The barrier between the intrinsic safe area (H1) and the non-intrinsic safe area (H2) is realized by a segment coupler or link which optionally provides the power for the instruments. The intrinsic safe field devices may be powered over the bus or - if they have higher requirements for powering - they can be externally powered using Ex d protection. From the view of the DCS controller there is no difference if a field device is located in the intrinsic safe area or the non-intrinsic safe area because in both areas the same protocol is used. PROFIBUS is the only Fieldbus system which has a complete H1 and H2 technology available and that provides such an elegant transition between the two application areas. PROFIBUS-PA H1 段合器／链接器 变送器

PROFIBUS-FMS 的特点: FMS 最佳适用于车间级智能主站间通用的、面向对象的通信 FMS 提供一个 MMS-功能子集 （MMS 即 Manufacturing Message Specification, ISO9506) 主要应用区域: 大数量的数据传输，例如程序、数据块等等 若干个分散过程部分集成到一个公共过程中 智能站间的通信 PROFIBUS-FMS is mainly used for the communication of intelligent devices. The main application range is at the cell level of the industrial communication.

典型的PROFIBUS-FMS 系统 主站 主站 主站 主站 PROFIBUS-FMS 主站 各种智能自动化单元，如: PC 作为中央控制器的PLC 作为人机界面的HMI PLC PLC RS 485 up to 12 MBit/s PROFIBUS-FMS Typical devices for PROFIBUS-FMS are: PLCs, PCs and intelligent Man-Machine-Interfaces. The wide range of PROFIBUS-FMS services enables flexible communication and the exchange of large amounts of data. 主站 主站 主站 主站

开放的组态允许即插即用 系统组态 PLC PLC 电子设备数据单 (GSD-files) PROFIBUS PROFIBUS 组态工具 PROFIBUS does not only describe the communication of the devices, the PROFIBUS specification also includes a complete description for open and vendor independent configuration. The configuration tools use electronic data sheets of the devices. These electronic data sheets are designated as device data base files or GSD files. The vendors of the devices describe the functionality of their devices by means of a GSD file. The format of the GSD file is clearly defined by the PROFIBUS standard. The configuration tool reads the GSD files into its internal data base and takes all characteristics of the individual devices into account. The advantage is that the configuration is very simple and can be done by a vendor-independent configuration tool. So PROFIBUS-DP really offers plug-and-play solutions and reduces the engineering costs. GSD files are simular to Windows INF files for printer or modem definitions. 电子设备数据单 (GSD-files) PROFIBUS

超过 1000 个会员* - 23 个地区用户协会 - 一个很强大的组织: PROFIBUS 国际 美洲 非洲 欧洲 亚洲 澳洲 南非 中国 日本 新加坡 奥地利 比利时 芬兰 法国 德国 意大利 荷兰 挪威 俄罗斯 瑞典 瑞士 英国 捷克 波兰 巴西 美国 PROFIBUS International (PI) is a strong user organisation that represents the PROFIBUS interests of more than 650 companies world-wide. PI is a non-profit organization. Common marketing activities, further development of the technology and the international acceptance are the main objectives of PROFIBUS International. Local PROFIBUS User Organisations in most of the industrial countries of the world offer local support for users and vendors. Members take advantage of the synergy generated by vendors and users in a strong collaboration. All members profit from advance information to achieve a competitive edge in the market. Please contact the local User Group offices for detailed information. in foundation *Status: Q2/2000