现在完成时及其考点 Welcome! Mr WU

一、现在完成时的结构： （助动词）have/has+过去分词 二、现在完成时的用法： 　　１.“完成法”：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 　标志性词：already、 never、 ever、just、 yet 、before 、 so far等。 　２.“未完成法”：表示动作或状态从过去已经开始，持续到现在并有可能延续到将来。 　时间状语：for＋一段时间；since＋过去点时间。

三、现在完成时的各种句式： １.陈述句：主语＋ have/has+过去分词＋其他成分。 　２.否定句：主语＋have/has+not+过去分词＋其他成分。 　3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语＋过去分词＋其他成分？

4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have/has＋其他成分？ 例如：They have lived that village for ten years, haven’t they ? 　Li Lei has never read this book, 　　has he ?

四、正确运用have/has been to, have/has gone to,和have/has been in 三种结构。 　３. have/has been in 表示“已在某地（呆了多久）”，如果是小地方用at代替in。

五、高考考点： 考点一：考查基本概念 例如： Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ____what's happened to him . 　　Ａ. knew 　　　　Ｂ. have known 　　Ｃ. must know 　Ｄ.will know 　简析：现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。

考点二：考查时间状语 例1. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he. Ａ. already Ｂ 考点二：考查时间状语 例1. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still 例2. Have you met Mr Li ______？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 例3. The famous writer ____ one new book in the past two year . Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written _B_ Ｃ Ｄ Ｃ 例4.—Our country ______ a lot so far . 　 —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . 　Ａ. has changed ; well 　　　Ｂ. changed ; good 　　Ｃ. has changed ; better 　　　Ｄ. changed ; better 例5. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years . 　Ａ. was ; studying 　　 　Ｂ. will ; study 　　 　　Ｃ. has ; studied 　　　　Ｄ. are ; studying 例6. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew 例7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice . Ａ. will see 　Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see Ｃ Ｃ Ｂ

⑶现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。 　简析：现在完成时的时间状语常有如下四类： 　　⑴现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。 　 　⑵现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。 　 ⑶现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。 　 ⑷现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。

现在完成时态中already, yet, just, never, ever用法区别 ①通常用于陈述句中（放在have和has的后面） ②也可用于疑问句，表示期望得到肯定的回答或表示惊异，此时already常放在句末。 She has already found her bike. Has she found her bike already？她已经找到自行车了？

2、yet用法①yet可用于否定句，此时译为“还”；I haven’t found my ruler yet 2、yet用法①yet可用于否定句，此时译为“还”；I haven’t found my ruler yet.②也可以用于疑问句，译为“已经”（放在have和has的后面也可放在句末）Have you found your ruler yet？你已经找到尺子了吗？ 3、just只用于陈述句意思是“刚才”（放在have和has的后面）I have just received a letter.

4、never用于否定句译为“从不”（放在have和has的后面）I’ve never been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing?

1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 四.用since和for填空 1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month 4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock 7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9)______we were children 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here 1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 2. I’ve known him __________ we were children. 3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years. 4. She has been away from the city ________about ten years. 5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. since for since since since since for since since since since since since for for since

考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别 例1. —These farmers have been to the United States 考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别 例1.—These farmers have been to the United States . 　　—Really ? When ___ there ? Ａ. will they go 　　　Ｂ. did they go 　 Ｃ. do they go 　　　　Ｄ. have they gone 例2.—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago . Ａ. Did ; do ; finished 　 　B.Have ; done ; finished Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished 　 Ｄ. will ; do ; finish B B 　　简析：现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故例１、２的正确答案皆为B。

考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法 例1. His father ______ the Party since 1978 . Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 例2.—Do you know him well ? — Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago . Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made 例3.—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months . Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived D B A C 例4. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes . Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began 例5. His uncle died two years ago .（改变句子，句意不变） His uncle has ____ __ _ for two years 例6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ . 例7. It _____ ten years since he left the army . Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was been dead joined ago A

fall asleep/ go to sleep —→be asleep ( sleep ) , 简析：现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续性动词及替代形式如下： close—→be closed, put on→wear , open—→be open get up—→be up, finish/end—→be over , lose—→be lost , marry—→be married(to), get to know—→ know　 fall asleep/ go to sleep —→be asleep ( sleep ) , 　 come/arrive—→be here/in , come/get back—→be back , go/leave-be away , become —→be , borrow —→keep , buy—→have , begin/start—→be on , die—→be dead , join—→be in/be a m ember of．．． , catch a cold—→ have a cold等，

考点五：考查词组have/has been in / to与have/has gone to的区别 例1 考点五：考查词组have/has been in / to与have/has gone to的区别 例1. Miss Green isn‘t in the office . she_______ to the library . Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been 例2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to　 Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ.have been A A 简析：“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故例1、2的正确答案皆为A。

A） 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。 A: Where ______did______ Li Fei ___go________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island. A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days. A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there. A: How many times _______Li Fei ________to that place? B: He _____________ there only once. has been been has has been have been been has has been

---He __________ his country. 2）How long _____ you _____ this village? B.用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。 1）---Where is Jack? ---He __________ his country. 2）How long _____ you _____ this village? 3）The Smiths _________ Beijing for years. 4）---_____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _______ there many times. 5）I _______ this school since three years ago. has gone to have been in have been in Have been to have been have been in

Ａ. knewＢ. have known Ｃ.must know Ｄ.will know 六、 单项选择 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him . Ａ. knewＢ. have known Ｃ.must know Ｄ.will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still 3、Have you met Mr Li ______？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year . Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written B B C D

5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . 　—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good 　　Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years . 　　Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study 　　Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice . Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see C C C B

B B D B 9、—These farmers have been to the United States . 　　 —Really ? When _____ there ? 　　Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go 　　Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone 10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ? 　　 —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago . 　Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished 　Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish 11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 . Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 　 12、—Do you know him well ? 　　— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago . Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made B B D B

13、—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months . 　　Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _______for ten minutes . 　　Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun 　　Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began 15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army . 　　Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was 16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library . Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been A C A A

17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . 　　Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to 　　Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they 19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university A D C C

See you next time! Every one