Opportunities for US-China Cooperation 中美合作机遇 James Wood Director, US-China Clean Energy Research Center Advanced Coal Technology Consortium jfwood@mail.wvu.edu

Topics 主题 The Status of Intellectual Property 知识产权状况 Efficiency Increases on New Coal-fired Power Plants 新建燃煤电厂的效率提高 Formation Pressure Management (https://www.netl.doe.gov/research/coal/carbon-storage/natcarb-atlas) 地层压力管理 (https://www.netl.doe.gov/research/coal/carbon-storage/natcarb-atlas) Q&A 答疑

Intellectual Property 知识产权保护 TMP was originally produced by ACTC. The final TMP document of ACTC was taken as the common file for the five consortia in CERC. 双方技术管理协议最初由清洁煤联盟制定。这份文本被作为中美清洁能源研究合作五大联盟的共同指导性文件。 It is worth pointing out that IP protection in cooperation is one of the most important tasks. As an important IP achievement, ACTC leads the work of TMP drafting and signing in CERC. TMP was originally produced by ACTC and the final TMP document was taken as the common file for the three consortia in CERC.

IP 知识产权 TMP provides for protection of background IP, agreement on rights, and provides means for resolution of disputes; 1 技术管理计划规定保护北京知识产权，就权利达成协议，并提供解决纠纷的办法; 2. The “Technology Management Plans”, with government endorsements, are “groundbreaking”; 2 政府支持的“技术管理计划”是“开创性的”; 3. It provides a channel of interest sharing and disputes solution for IP management in Sino-US collaborative research. 3 为中美合作研究提供了知识产权管理利益共享与纠纷解决渠道. 1,2 Quoted from CERC Co-chair Dr. Robert C. Marlay‘s Address at the Opening of 2nd CERC Workshop on Intellectual Property, February 26, 2013. 1,2引用CERC联盟主任Robert C. Marlay博士在第二届CERC知识产权研讨会开幕式上的讲话，2013年2月26日。 3 CERC Mid-term Evaluation Report. CERC中期评估报告 As an important IP achievement, ACTC leads the work of TMP drafting and signing in CERC. TMP was originally produced by ACTC and the final TMP document of ACTC was taken as the common file for the three consortia in CERC.

Rankine Cycle Efficiency 朗肯循环效率 U.S. Coal-fired Fleet ~33% thermal efficiency HHV 美国燃煤机组大约33％的热效率HHV Longview Power ~40% thermal efficiency HHV (fuel quality dependent) and high availability 朗维电厂功率大约40％热效率HHV（取决于燃料质量）和高可用性 The 7% improvement in thermal efficiency over average U.S. coal fleet decreases all emissions/kWh, including CO2, by 7% 与美国平均水平相比，热效率提高了7％，包括二氧化碳在内的所有排 放量/ 千瓦时降低了7％ VEPCO’s Greenville Station received approval from VA DEQ with an initial HHV heat rate of 6457 BTU/kWh or 53%, and no less than 52% in year 6 VEPCO的格林维尔电站获得VA DEQ的批准，最初的HHV热耗率为6457BTU / kWh或53％，第6年不低于52％ US vendor situation; role of coal producers; international markets; long-term outlook for coal

2007-2015 US Generation and Emissions Data 2007 - 2015年美国发电和排放数据 原动机平均测试热量 2017-2015 Btu每千瓦 常规发电厂排放量（十亿公吨） Between 2007 and 2015 US electric generation declined slightly (-5%), while the portion of renewable generation increased 382%. Coal-fired generation dropped 35%, and natural gas fired generation increased 173%. Over the same period of time, the coal-fired fleet average heat rate did not improve, while natural gas combined cycle improved about 2 efficiency points, and at the end of 2015 was 10 points above the US coal fleet. Obviously, with no new coal-build, the fleet HR has not moved, while the NGCC fleet continues to improve. Notable too is the decline in emissions from conventional power plants- du principally to the replacement of coal with gas. 美国能源信息署 2017年度报告

Host site : Huaneng Nanjing thermal power plant, unit 2 USC MATERIAL TESTING • Boiler type 锅炉类型: two pass boiler • Steam capacity蒸汽容量: 10.8 t/h • Production capacity生产能力: 320 MWe • Burner type 锅炉类型: wall fired system • Fuel 燃料: bituminous coal • SH steam temperature 蒸汽温度:(540 C) 725°C • SH steam pressure蒸汽压力: 26.8 MPa Superheat section 过热部分 For task one, Ultra-Supper Critical (USC) boiler material tests will be carried out. The host site is: Huaneng Nanjing thermal power plant. China Huaneng is testing several materials at 26.8 MPa and 725 C steam conditions. The enthalpy of steam increases +220 BTU/lb above a so-called conventional supercritical cycle leading to an improved an thermal efficiency (HHV) of ~46% near the limits of the Rankine cycle. That would be a 6% improvement in the Longview thermal efficiency, with corresponding improvements in emissions reductions. 7 Host site : Huaneng Nanjing thermal power plant, unit 2 华能集团南京热电厂，2号机组

EOR & Storage 采油与埋存 场地适宜性评价和优先级确定 Site suitability and priority evaluations by the site screening methodology. 神华与LLNL 、WVU的CO2封存合作 Collaboration Between Shenhua, WVU, LLNL on CO2 storage Ordos Basin, China 鄂尔多斯 Rock Springs Uplift, USA 报告结构 Report 整体工艺 Conceptional design 初步评价 Preliminary evaluation 候选场址 Candidate Sites 工程咨询 Engineering Consult Safety and economy of the geological sequestration is also essential to insure the realization of CCS. It is necessary to study the geological characteristics of the site of CO2 sequestration. We construct methodology for potential and suitability evaluation, conduct site selection, carry out feasibility study of demonstration project for aquifer storage in China Ordos basin and US Rock Springs Uplift. Site suitability and priority evaluations were conducted. The results are shown in the two figures. It is an important progress and is especially useful for strategic decisions and CO2 storage planning. 10

Archer Daniels Midland Decatur, IL Inter-stage piping in compressor room. 1 million TPY capture from an ethanol fermentation facility, capture, drying, compressing injecting at 7,000 ft into the Mt Simon aquifer, one of the largest saline aquifers in the world. What about marginal aquifers?

Water source utilization in west China 中国西部地区水资源利用状况 Capture Trans. Stor. Saline disp. In order to solve the bottle-neck problem of the converse distribution of energy and water sources, CO2 generated in Energy utilization can be used to drive out deep saline water, and the CO2 storage and water source can be exploited. The work we are doing now is adopted as the national“13th five year plan” in China. The extension work shown above is beyond the original collaboration plan, which has laid a solid foundation the next five-year collaboration between the two-sides. The novel CO2-EWR CCUS technology takes the advantage of the rich deep saline aquifer resource to mitigate the pressure of water source shortage and high CO2 emission, which has large potential of utilization. 新的CO2-EWR CCUS技术利用丰富的深部含水层资源，缓解了水源不足和高CO2排放的压力，具有很大的利用潜力。 12

合作示范 Example Collaboration on EWR Huaneng (on behalf of China ACTC) and WVU (on behalf of U.S. ACTC) sign an MOU to collaborate on a EWR project. 华能（代表中方洁净煤联盟）和WVU（代表美方洁净煤联盟）签署谅解备忘录，合作开展EWR项目。 华能清洁能源 研究院(CERI)与西弗吉尼亚大学(UWV)牵头协作。进行两阶段的可行性研究，旨在促进理解CO2深层咸水封存的影响及驱采深层咸水的净化和矿物质提取；