第六章 检验、索赔、不可抗力和仲裁 商品检验 索赔 不可抗力 争议解决 ©王善论 disputes

§6.1 商品检验 买方的检验权 检验的时间和地点 在出口国检验 在进口国检验 在出口国检验、进口国复验 shipping quality/quantity as final 装船前检验 pre-shipment inspection, PSI clean report of findings, CRF 在进口国检验 landing quality/quantity as final 在出口国检验、进口国复验 ©王善论 disputes

约定检验 vs. 法定检验 检验机构 美国食品药物管理局 Food and Drugs Administration, FDA www.fda.gov 瑞士日内瓦通用鉴定公司 Societe Generale De Surveillance S.A., SGS www.sgs.com 美国保险人实验室 Underwriters Laboratory, UL www.ul.com 英国劳合氏公证行 Lloyd’s Surveyor www.lloydsoflondon.co.uk 国家质量监督检验检疫总局 www.aqsiq.gov.cn

检验证书 检验证书的种类 检验证书的作用 卖方交货的依据 海关验关放行的依据 卖方办理结算的依据 索赔和理赔的依据 ©王善论 disputes

合同中的检验条款 It is mutually agreed that the Certificate of Quality and Weight(Quantity) issued by the China Exit and Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau at the port/place of shipment shall be part of the documents to be presented for negotiation under the relevant L/C. The Buyer shall have the right to reinspect the quality and weight (quantity) of the cargo. The reinspection fee shall be borne by the Buyer. Should the quality and/or weight (quantity) be found not in conformity with that of the contract, the Buyer is entitled to lodge with the Seller a claim which should be approved by survey reports issued by a recognized surveyor approved by the Seller. The claim, if any, shall be lodged within … days after arrival of the cargo at the port/place of destination. ©王善论 disputes

【Case Study 6-1】 我出口公司A向新加坡公司B以CIF新加坡条件出口一批土特产品，B公司又将该批货物转卖给马来西亚公司C。 货到新加坡后, B发现货物的质量有问题， 但B仍将原货转船至马来西亚。其后, B公司在合同规定的索赔期限内凭马来西亚商检机构签发的检验证书， 向A公司提出退货要求。A公司应如何处理？为什么？ ©王善论 disputes

§6.2 索赔 违约责任 索赔与理赔 索赔的依据 索赔期限 合理确定索赔的金额 法律依据 事实依据 约定期限 法定期限 ©王善论 §6.2 索赔 违约责任 索赔与理赔 索赔的依据 法律依据 事实依据 索赔期限 约定期限 法定期限 合理确定索赔的金额 ©王善论 disputes

合同中的索赔条款 Discrepancy and claim clause Any claim by the Buyer regarding the goods shipped should be filed within … days after the arrival of the goods at the port/place of destination specified in the relative Bill of Lading and/or transport document and supported by a survey report issued by a surveyor approved by the Seller. Claims in respect of matters within responsibility of insurance company, shipping company/other transportation organization will not be considered or entertained by the Seller. ©王善论 disputes

【Case Study 6-2】 某国公司以CIF鹿特丹出口食品1000箱，即期信用证付款，货物装运后，凭已装船清洁提单和已投保一切险及战争险的保险单，向银行收托货款，货到目的港后经进口人复验发现下列情况： （1）该批货物共有10个批号，抽查20箱，发现其中2个批号涉及200箱内含沙门氏细菌超过进口国的标准； （2）收货人是实收998箱，短少2箱； （3）有15箱货物外表情况良好，但箱内货物共短少60公斤。 试分析以上情况，进口人应分别向谁索赔，并说明理由。 ©王善论 disputes

【Case Study 6-3】 我某企业向香港某商进口20台精密仪器，每台3万港元。合同规定，任何一方违约，应支付另一方违约金1万港元。事后卖方只交付12台，其余8台不能交货。当时因市场价格上涨，每台4万港元。卖方企图赔付违约金1万港元以了结此案。但买方不同意 。在上述情况下，买方能向卖方索赔的金额应为多少？为什么？ ©王善论 disputes

§6.3 不可抗力 不可抗力（force majeure）的含义 《合同法》第117条：不可抗力是指不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的客观情况。 U.N. Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, CISG, Art.79 引起不可抗力事件的原因 自然原因 社会原因 ©王善论 disputes

不可抗力条款 不可抗力事件的范围 不可抗力事件的处理 通知 证明 变更合同 解除合同 时间 方式 by competent authorities ©王善论 disputes

If the shipment of the contracted goods is prevented or delayed in whole or in part by reason of war, earthquake, flood, fire, storm, heavy snow or other causes of Force Majeure, the Seller shall not be liable for non-shipment or late shipment of the goods of this Contract. However, the Seller shall notify the Buyer by cable or telex and furnish the latter within … days by registered airmail with a certificate issued by the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (China Chamber of International Commerce) attesting such event(s). ©王善论 disputes

【Case Study 6-4】 我某企业与某外商按国际市场通常规格订约进口某化工原料。订约后不久，市价明显上涨。交货期限届满前，该商所属生产该化工原料的工厂失火被毁，该商以该厂火灾属不可抗力事件为由要求解除其交货义务。对此， 我方应如何处理？ ©王善论 disputes

§6.4 仲裁 纠纷解决方式 协商 Consultation 调解 Conciliation 仲裁 Arbitration 诉讼 Litigation ADRs, Alternative Disputes Resolutions ©王善论 disputes

仲裁的特点 自愿性 专业性 灵活性 保密性 独立性 ©王善论 disputes

仲裁协议 仲裁协议的形式 仲裁协议的作用 合同中的仲裁条款 提交仲裁协议 表明双方当事人在发生争议时自愿提交仲裁。约束当事人在协商调解不成时，只能以仲裁方式解决争议，不得向法院起诉。 仲裁机构取得对争议案件管辖权的依据。 排除法院对争议案件的管辖权。 ©王善论 disputes

仲裁程序 仲裁裁决的承认与执行 仲裁申请 组建仲裁庭 仲裁审理 仲裁裁决 《承认与执行外国仲裁裁决公约》Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Award 1958                                ©王善论 disputes

合同中的仲裁条款 仲裁地点 仲裁机构 仲裁规则 仲裁裁决的效力 仲裁费用 CIETAC - China International Economic & Trade Arbitration Commission CMAC - China Maritime Arbitration Commission ICC Court of Arbitration LCA - London Court of Arbitration AAA - American Arbitration Association 仲裁规则 仲裁裁决的效力 仲裁费用 ©王善论 disputes

仲裁示范条款 Any dispute arising from or in connection with this Contract shall be submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission for arbitration which shall be conducted in accordance with the Commission's arbitration rules in effect at the time of applying for arbitration. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties. ©王善论 www.cietac.org.cn

凡产生于或与本合同有关的一切争议均应提交国际商会国际仲裁院并按照国际商会仲裁规则由依照该规则指定的一名或数名仲裁员终局解决。 All disputes arising out of or in connection with the present contract shall be submitted to the International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce and shall be finally settled under the Rules of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce by one or more arbitrators appointed in accordance with the said Rules. 凡产生于或与本合同有关的一切争议均应提交国际商会国际仲裁院并按照国际商会仲裁规则由依照该规则指定的一名或数名仲裁员终局解决。 ©王善论 www.iccwbo.org