China-Africa Cooperation: a New Approach to Reduce Poverty 中非合作：减贫新方式 China-Africa Cooperation: a New Approach to Reduce Poverty 王小林 博士 中国国际扶贫中心 Dr. Xiaolin WANG Director, Research Division International Poverty Reduction Center in China wangxl@iprcc.org.cn

大纲 Outlines 中国贫困及减贫进程 China’s Poverty and Poverty Alleviation Progress 中非合作 China-Africa Cooperation 中非合作与传统发展援助的比较 A Comparison between China-Africa Cooperation and the Traditional OECD-DAC Aid Model 结论：减贫合作的三原则 Conclusions: Three Principles to Promote the Poverty Reduction Cooperation in the Future

China’s Poverty and Poverty Alleviation Progress 第一部分 中国贫困及减贫进程 Part One China’s Poverty and Poverty Alleviation Progress

Achievements of China’s Poverty Reduction

中国的减贫进程 China’s Poverty Alleviation Progress Poverty Reduction Economic Growth 1978-2000 Income Distribution 2001- present 2001-2010 2011-2020 Opportunity Equity

China Africa Cooperation: Five key Areas 第二部分 中非合作：五个关键领域 Part Two China Africa Cooperation: Five key Areas

中非合作 The Achievements of China-Africa Cooperation 投资 FDIs 贸易 Trade 基础设施 Infrastructure 农业 Agriculture 减贫 Poverty Reduction

1. 投资 Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) Figure 1. China’s FDIs to Africa 2005-2010 Sources: China Statistical Yearbook, various edition 2005-2011

Figure 2. Industry sector distribution of China’s FDIs in Africa Sources: State Council Information Office, China-Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation, 2010

Figure 3 Trade between China and Africa Sources: China Statistical Yearbook, various editions 2005-2011

Lower the transaction cost 3. 基础设施 Infrastructure 基础设施 Infrastructure 提高生产力 Promote productivity 降低交易成本 Lower the transaction cost 促进贸易 Boost trade

3. 基础设施 Infrastructure 2009年底 By 2009 无偿援助 Grant 工程承包 500多个基础设施项目 More than 500 infrastructure projects 无偿援助 Grant 工程承包 Project contracting 投资合作 Investment 扩大融资 Expanding channels of financing

Agricultural development 4. 农业 Agriculture 中国经验： 农业是益贫式增长的根本 把农业作为经济发展的优先领域 农业发展 Agricultural development 国家 Government 农民 farmers 市场 Market

Figure 4. Poverty in sub-Sahara Africa 5. 减贫 Poverty Reduction Figure 4. Poverty in sub-Sahara Africa

第三部分 中非合作与传统发展援助的比较 Part Three A Comparison between China-Africa Cooperation and the Traditional OECD-DAC Aid Model

（一）OECD-DAC 传统援助：过程驱动型方法 The traditional OECD-DAC Aid Model: a Process-driven Approach

OECD-DAC 传统援助 The Traditional OECD-DAC Aid Model 公平 Equality 透明 transparency 问责 Accountability 参与 Participation 良治 Good Governance 官方发展援助 ODA + 受援国社会发展和民主化进程 Social Development and democratization

OECD-DAC 传统援助 The Traditional OECD-DAC Aid Model 缺点 Disadvantages 国际援助资金的流向和接受外援的发展中国家的贫困程度不协调 The flow of international financial aids is inconsistent with the poverty levels of developing countries receiving foreign aid 忽略了受援国的经济增长 Ignore the economic development of the recipient countries 形成外援依赖，受援国无法走上自主发展的道路 Instead of embarking on an independent development path, the recipient countries grow dependent on aid 优点 Advantages 有利于建立西方式民主政治体系 Helpful to encourage the recipient countries to establish a set of western-style democratic system 监督约束受援国对援助资金的腐败侵蚀 conducive to supervise and constraint recipients’ corruption and erosion of the funds 有利于政府得到纳税人的选票支持 Helps the government to gain their votes 援助 贫困 再援助 更贫困

China-Africa Cooperation: A Growth-led Approach （二）中非合作：增长驱动型模式 China-Africa Cooperation: A Growth-led Approach

中国发展经验 China’s experience of development 援助 Aid 外国直接投资 FDI 贸易 Trade 国家整体发展战略 National Development Strategy

中非合作 China-Africa Cooperation 实质：促进内生力的增加 The key stimulus to economic growth should be from developing countries themselves. 促进贸易平衡 Balance of trade 拓展相互投资领域 Expansion of mutual investment 重视基础设施建设 Emphasis on Infrastructure 加强发展能力建设 Enhancement of capacity building 帮助提升民生水平 Improvement of living standards 增长驱动型 Growth driven

中非合作增长驱动型的优点 China-Africa Cooperation 让市场发挥主导作用促进本土经济增长和减贫 不走向援助依赖 投资 Investment 打通受援国国内市场与国际经济链条的联系 发挥比较优势 贸易 Trade 集中于大型工程和基础设施，为投资、贸易服务 同时让政府和市场有机结合 充分发挥公共资金的作用 援助 Aid

深刻体会发展要由可持续的、包容性的增长所驱动，将援助、投资和贸易有效结合，同时服务于本国国内发展战略 对非洲国家的启示 Some Implications for the African States 吸收传统援助模式中的透明、公平等原则 Adopt the principles of transparency and equality in the traditional aid model 深刻体会发展要由可持续的、包容性的增长所驱动，将援助、投资和贸易有效结合，同时服务于本国国内发展战略 combine aid, investment and trade to promote strong growth of domestic productivity. Aid, investment and trade should also serve the domestic development goals.

第四部分结论：减贫合作的三原则 Part Four Conclusions: Three Principles to Promote the Poverty Reduction Cooperation in the Future 减贫合作的多元化 Diversification 减贫合作的包容性 Inclusiveness 减贫合作的整合性 Integration

谢谢! Thank you!