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Unit 1 Friendship

Section Ⅱ Learning about Language Unit 1 Section Ⅱ　Learning about Language 1.1.1　集合的概念

课前新知预习 1 课堂达标验收 3 课堂要点探究 2 课 时 作 业 4

课前新知预习

直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ) ——陈述句和疑问句 品读例句，体会黑体部分在间接引语中的用法 ①She said, “I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” →She said that she didn't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people did，but she wanted that diary itself to be her friend, and she should call her friend Kitty.

②The teacher said to us, “We will have an English party tomorrow.” →The teacher told us that we would have an English party the next day. ③John said, “I'm going to London with my father.” →John said that he was going to London with his father. ④“Is Emma often late for school？” she asked me. →She asked me if/whether Emma was often late for school. ⑤Mrs.Black asked me, “What are you doing？” →Mrs.Black asked me what I was doing.

结论：引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是________，即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；另一种是________，即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内，而用宾语从句或复合宾语来表达。 答案：直接引语；间接引语

课堂要点探究

一、直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则 1．人称的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。

巧学助记 直接引语变间接引语人称变化口诀：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。” (1)“一随主”，指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。 The farmer said，“I am busy harvesting my cotton now.” →The farmer said that he was busy harvesting his cotton then.

(2)“二随宾”，指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 A foreigner asked the students, “Can adults study in a formal university in your country？” →A foreigner asked the students if adults could study in a formal university in their country. www.xkb1.com

(3)“第三人称不更新”，指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。 An educator said, “They need to know something about his works.” →An educator said that they needed to know something about his works.

2．时态的变化。 直接引语变间接引语时句子时态变化如下表： 直接引语 间接引语 句子时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 不变 一般将来时 过去将来时

①He said，“I am having supper now.” →He said that he was having supper then. ②The designer said，“We have begun our project.” →The designer said that they had begun their project.

the next/following day第二天 3．指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化。 　引语 用词　　 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this这个 that那个 these这些 those那些 时间状语 now现在 then那时 today今天 that day那天 this morning今天上午 that morning 那天上午 tonight今天晚上 that night那天晚上 tomorrow明天 the next/following day第二天 yesterday昨天 the day before前一天

the next/following week 　引语 用词　　 直接引语 间接引语 时间状语 last night昨天晚上 the night before 前一天晚上 the day before yesterday前天 two days before 两天前 three days ago三天前 three days before三天前 next week下一周 the next/following week 第二周 ago(至今)以前 before(那时)以前 地点状语 here这儿 there那儿 方向性 动词 bring带来 take带走 come来 go去

①Zhang said, “I hope this is not only an achievement for Chinese literature.” →Zhang said that he hoped that was not only an achievement for Chinese literature. ②“Where did you have a picnic yesterday？” asked his friend. →His friend asked where he had had a picnic the day before. ③“When you come here, will you please bring a dictionary？”the editor said to the worker. →The editor asked the worker whether he would take a dictionary when he went there.

名师点津 以上这些变化要根据说话的实际情况来定，不要机械照搬。假如就在当地转述，here就不必改为there。如果就在当天转述，yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。

4．连接词的选择。 (1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。 ①He said，“I was cooking when the earthquake happened.” →He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened. ②She said to me，“I came back an hour ago.” →She told me (that) she had come back an hour before.

(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or...或．.. or not)或if引导。 He said, “Are you interested in English？” →He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English. (3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。 “What's your name？” he asked me. →He asked me what my name was.

名师点津 当直接引语里是“What's wrong with...？/What's the matter？/What's the trouble？/What has happened？”等特殊疑问句时，间接引语语序不变。

1．直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化的情况。 (1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时： 二、难点突破 1．直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化的情况。 (1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时： “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth，” the teacher told me. →The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and that the moon moves around the earth. (2)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语时： Tom said，“I was born on April 21, 1980.” →Tom said he was born on April 21, 1980. www.xkb1.com

2．直接引语变间接引语时，主句谓语动词的变化。 (1)直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句中的said to sb.常改为told sb. The father said to his son, “Your friend asked you to give him a ring.” →The father told his son that his friend had asked him to give him a ring. (2)直接引语是疑问句时，若变为间接引语，如果主句中谓语动词是said, 则将其改为asked。 The girl said，“When shall we leave the hiding place？” →The girl asked when they should leave the hiding place.

3．疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。 The mother asked, “What are the kids doing in the room now？” →The mother asked what the kids were doing in the room then.

课堂达标验收

Ⅰ.变直接引语为间接引语，每空一词。 1．He said，“My brother doesn't want to go there.” He said to me ________ ________ brother ________ want to go there. 2．He said to me, “Did you see him last night？” He asked me whether I had seen him ________ ________ ________. 3．Mary said to me，“I'll come again tomorrow.” Mary ________ me that ________ ________ come again ________ ________ ________.

4．“Can you swim, John？” he asked. He asked John ________ ________ ________ swim. 5．“Will Peter play basketball？”I wanted to know. I wanted to know _______ Peter _______ _______ basketball. 6．“Who has been to Beijing？” the teacher asked. The teacher asked ________ ________ been to Beijing. 7．“Come here, Tom.” Lucy asked Tom. Lucy asked Tom ________ ________ ________. 8．“The earth goes around the sun.” the scientist said. The scientist said _______ the earth _______ around the sun.

答案：1. that his; didn't 2. the night before 3 答案：1.that his; didn't　2.the night before　3.told; she would; the next/following day　4.if/whether he could　5.whether/if; would play　6.who had　7.to go there　8.that; goes

Ⅱ.单句改错 1．Kitty said that she needs some fresh air. 2．He said he bought a beautiful car the day ago. 3．The astronomer told us the moon moved around the earth. 4．The shop assistant asked me which one I will take. 5．He told us that he would give us an examination next day. 6．I said to her，“I am going to have my hair cut that day.”

答案：1.needs →needed　2.ago →before　3.moved →moves 4．will →would　5.在next前加the　6.that day →today

1．I asked him ________ he would stay at home or go out for hiking. Ⅲ.语法单句填空 1．I asked him ________ he would stay at home or go out for hiking. 答案：whether　直接引语如果是选择疑问句，变间接引语时选择疑问句变为由whether引导的宾语从句，而不用if引导宾语从句。该句直接引语为：I asked him，“Will you stay at home or go out for hiking？” 2．(2014·成都高一检测)—Sorry, what did you say just now? —I asked ________I could get to the station. 答案：how　答语句意：我问我怎么才能到车站。 www.xkb1.com

3．The actor said he ________(be) born in 1984. 答案：was　考查间接引语的时态。句意：这位演员说他出生于1984年。直接引语中若有具体的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 4．The teacher asked Mary ________ she could tell him the general idea of the poem. 答案：whether/if　句意：老师问玛丽是否能告诉他这首诗的大意。结合语境，此题为一般疑问句变间接引语，whether/if符合题意。

5．Yesterday he told me that he had met his uncle two years ________(ago)． 答案：before　直接引语变间接引语时要将“时段＋ago”变为“时段＋before”。 6．He told us he ________(attend) a concert three days ________(ago)． 答案：had attended；before　句意：他告诉我们三天前他参加了一场演奏会。直接引语变间接引语时要将“时段＋ago”变为“时段＋before”，又由told可知从句应用过去完成时。

7．The teacher said that practice________(make)perfect. 答案：makes　考查间接引语的时态。句意：老师说熟能生巧。若直接引语的句子表达的是客观事实、谚语或真理等，变为间接引语时，时态不必发生变化。本题中practice makes perfect是一句谚语，意为“熟能生巧”，故变为间接引语时，时态仍用一般现在时。 8．—Who called just now, Sam? —It's Terry. He asked if Alice________(be) in. 答案：was　句意：——萨姆，刚才谁打电话了？——是特里。他问艾丽斯是否在。

9．“Have you seen the film？” he asked me. →He asked me whether I ________(see) the film. 答案：had seen　直接引语若为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，常用if或whether来引导，并且从句中用陈述语序。且主句为过去时态，故间接引语中应用过去完成时态。 10．Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” →Jack told me that ________ worried ________. 答案：I looked; that day　考查间接引语的人称、时态和时间状语。间接引语中主句若为一般过去时，从句应用过去的时态，today也应改为that day。根据句意，间接引语的人称也要作相应的变化。

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