自我介紹 邱曉君 桃園人 興趣：逛街、旅遊 求學經歷： 淡江大學 運輸管理系 交通大學 運管碩士班 任維廉老師 Lab 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

Fundamentals of Organization Structure 任課老師：任維廉 教授 報告人：邱曉君 Chapter Two Fundamentals of Organization Structure 任課老師：任維廉 教授 報告人：邱曉君 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

1. Organization Structure Formal Reporting Relationships Number of levels Span of Control Grouping of Individuals Creation of Departments Design of Systems Communication, Coordination and integration of efforts 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

1. Organization Structure A Sample Organization Chart 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

2. Information-Processing Perspective on Structure The structure must fit information requirements of the organization Vertical linkages are designed primarily for control. Horizontal linkages that are designed for coordination and collaboration. 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

3. Vertical Information Sharing Vertical linkages Coordinate activities between the top and the bottom of the organization Hierarchical referral Identify the chain of command Rules and Plans A rule or procedure can be established Vertical information systems Reports, computer systems and written information 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

4. Horizontal Information Sharing Horizontal linkage coordinate activities across organizational departments - not traditionally drawn on the organizational chart Information Systems Direct Contact Task Forces Full-Time Integrator Teams 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

5. Organization Design Alternatives Required Work Activities Reporting Relationships Departmental Grouping Options 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

6. Functional, Divisional, and Geographical Designs – Functional Structure Consolidates human knowledge and skills with respect to specific activities Functional structure with horizontal linkages reflects more horizontal structures. Horizontal coordination can be improved with information systems CEO Manufacturing Accounting Marketing 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

6. Functional, Divisional, and Geographical Designs – Functional Structure Strengths include economies of scale within functional departments weaknesses include a slow response time to environmental changes Prevalent approach but few companies can respond in today’s environment without horizontal linkages 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

6. Functional, Divisional, and Geographical Designs – Divisional Structure Means that departments are grouped based on organizational outputs. Strengths include a design suited to fast change in an unstable environment . Weaknesses include the elimination of economies of scale and problems with cross-unit communication. 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

6. Functional, Divisional, and Geographical Designs – Geographical Structure Organizing to meet needs of users/customers by geography Focuses managers and employees on specific geographic regions Strengths and weaknesses similar to divisional organization 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

6. Functional, Divisional, and Geographical Designs – Geographical Structure Sample Geographic Structure 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

7. Matrix Structure Conditions for Matrix: Share resources across the organization Two or more critical outputs required: products and technical knowledge Environment is complex and uncertain Allows organization to meet dual demands Largest weakness is that employees have two bosses and conflicting demands 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

7.Matrix Structure 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

8. Horizontal Structure Employees around core processes so they can easily communicate and coordinate their efforts 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

8. Horizontal Structure Strengths include increased flexibility and responsiveness to changes in customer needs. Weaknesses include that the horizontal structure can harm rather than help organizational performance. 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

9. Virtual Networks and Outsourcing Virtual structures subcontract most of its major functions to separate companies Most common strategy is outsourcing The virtual network organization serves as a central hub with contracted experts 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

9. Virtual Networks and Outsourcing Strengths include the ability to obtain talent and resources worldwide, being highly flexible and response to changing needs. Weaknesses include risk of a partner failing, and weak employee loyalty and corporate culture. 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

10. Hybrid Structure Combination of various structure approaches Functions that are important to each product or market are decentralized to self-contained units. Other functions that require economies of scale and in-depth specialization are centralized at headquarters. 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

11. Application of Structural Design Each structure meets different needs. Vertical control is best associated with goals of efficiency and stability. Horizontal coordination is associated with learning, innovation, and flexibility. 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

12. Symptoms of Structural Deficiency Decision making is delayed or lacking quality Organization cannot meet changing needs Employee performance declines, needs are not meet Too much conflict 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

13. Design Essentials Structure must provide a framework, linking organization into whole Provide vertical and horizontal linkages Variety of alternatives for grouping Virtual network extends horizontal coordination Matrix structure attempts to achieve balance Managers must find right balance The purpose of the organization chart is to encourage and direct activities 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君

Discussion Structural Design容易只考慮管理者的立場 Outsourcing對組織內部員工的影響 2019/1/1 交通大學運管系碩士班邱曉君