高三英语总复习语法系列训练 英语的时态 （1） 直溪高级中学 李彩虹

一、一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 　 时间状语： every…, sometimes,　at…, on Sunday 　 I leave home for school at 7 every morning. He cycles to work every day. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 　 The earth moves around the sun. 　 Shanghai lies in the east of China. Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees.

3) 表示格言或警句中。 　 Pride goes before a fall.　骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如： Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 　 I don't want so much. 　 Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。

知识扩展：一般现在时表将来 1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 3）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.

二、一般过去时的用法 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 　 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 　 Where did you go just now? I saw Tom in the street yesterday. I bought this TV set in Beijing last year. 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 　 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 　 He always went to work by bus. He used to act like that.

3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。 （1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： Did you want anything else? I wanted to ask you about that. Did you want to speak to me now? I wondered if you could help me. （2）情态动词 could, would，例如： 　Could you lend me your bike? 4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。 If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. If he were here now, we could turn to him for help.

注意比较下列句型： ◎ It is time for sb. to do sth　 “到……时间了；该……了”，例如： It is time for you to go to bed.　你该睡觉了。 ◎ It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了；早该……了”，例如： 　 It is time you went to bed.　你早该睡觉了。 ◎ would (had) rather sb. did sth.　表示“宁愿某人做某事”，例如： I'd rather you came tomorrow. 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。 Christine was an invalid all her life.　(含义：她已不在人间。) Christine has been an invalid all her life.　(含义：她现在还活着) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)

三、一般将来时 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 Which paragraph shall I read first？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。 　 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? 　 b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month. 　 c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm. 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 　 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 ☆be going to / will的用法之比较： 用于条件句时，be going to表将来，will表意愿。例如： If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. ☆be to和be going to 的用法之比较： 　be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to 则表示主观的打算或计划。例如： 　I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排) 　I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)

四、现在进行时 1. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you. 　1. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you. 　2. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel.　 (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. 　3. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. It's getting warmer and warmer. 　4. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.

知识扩展：不用进行时的动词 1) 事实状态的动词。如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister. 2) 心理状态的动词。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate I need your help. He loves her very much. 3) 瞬间动词。如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice. 4) 系动词。如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired.

五、过去进行时 1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。 3) 常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 例句： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 　 It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.　

典型例题 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.　 A. made　 B. is making　 C. was making　 D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. A. read; was falling　 B. was reading; fell　 C. was reading; was falling　 D. read; fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。

1. — Look. How wonderful my car is. Oh, Jack 1. — Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Don’t you like it? — I’m sorry I ______ any remark about it in time. I certainly think it’s smart. A. wasn’t making     B. don’t make    C. won’t make         D. didn’t make 2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city ______ so rapidly all these years. A. is changing         B. has changed       C. will have changed         D. will change 3. He ______ quite well, but he hasn’t had time to swim since this summer. A. will swim       B. have swum    C. swam            D. swims 4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he ____by now. A. hasn’t turned up     B. doesn’t turn up     C. won’t turn up         D. hadn’t turned up

5. I’m terribly sorry for being late, but I _____ the wrong bus. A. catch          B. had caught       C. caught             D. catching 7. The truth, sir, is that the old man _______ across the road when my car hit him. A. was to walk         B. had been walking     C. walked           D. was walking 8. I really don’t think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _____. A. is                   B. does           C. will be              D. has been 9. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _________. A. were playing           B. were to play     C. had played             D. played

10. — Kate is in hospital. — Oh, really? I _______. ________ visit her. A. didn’t know; I’ll go and       B. don’t know; I’ll go and C. don’t know; I’m going to         D. didn’t know; I’m going to 11. — Where _______ the guidebook? I can’t see it anywhere. — I _______ it right here, but now it’s gone. A. did you put; have put             B. had you put; have put C. have you put; put                   D. were you putting; put 14. — Do you live in this city? — No, we ______ it for holidays. A. just visit     B. just visited   C. are just visiting   D. have visited 15. — How is the old man now? — Sorry, he ______ though they did all they could to save him. A. was dead        B. had died       C. has been dead       D. died

16.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures ______. A. will be taken     B. are taken     C. were taken   D. had been taken 17. I’m afraid it will be two months ______. A. when I come back   B. when I’ll come back   C. before I come back   D. before I’ll come back 18.The workers _____ busily when the boss came to look for something he ______ in the office. A. had worked, had left   B. were working ; had left C. working ; had left   D. had worked; left 21.The notice ______ “No smoking”.   A. is told     B. reads           C. tells       D. is read