Uses of “It” I、 用作人称代词的 it II. 用作先行词的 it III. 用在强调句型中的 it IV. 用在固定结构中的 it

I、 用作人称代词的it (1) 注: it和one都表“一个”，代指前文提到的事物，但it指“同一个”，而one指“同一类”。 e.g. “where is the cat?” “It’s under the table.” (=the cat) 注: it和one都表“一个”，代指前文提到的事物，但it指“同一个”，而one指“同一类”。 e.g. I had a good pen, but I lost it yesterday. I’ll buy one tomorrow.

I、 用作人称代词的it (2) It 的 用 法 2) 在某些情况下，也可指人。常指划分不明、性别不详或性别不重的人，特别是指婴幼儿。相当于 this & that。有时也指做某个动作的人。 e.g. The baby smiled when it saw its mother. e.g. “Who is it?” “It’s me.” e.g. “Who is it over there?” “It must be headmaster.” “No, it can’t be him, for he has gone to Paris.”

I、 用作人称代词的it （3、4） It 的 用 法 3) 在表达感情时可用 she, her, he, him代替 it, its. 指国家、船只、飞机、火车、汽车和城镇等无生命的东西。 e.g. We love our motherland. We are proud of her. 4) 在回答 “what’s this/that?” 的答语中, 用it 代替 this/that。 e.g. What’s this/that? It’s a computer.

I、 用作人称代词的it （5） 5) 指时间天气日期温度和距离。常不翻译出来。 e.g. “What time is it?” “It’s 9 o’clock.” It’s five years since he left. It’s getting colder and colder. It is only three hours’ walk from my home to the airport..

II. 用作先行词的 it (1) It 的 用 法 当主语或宾语是动词不定式、动名词或名词性从句时，常把以上真正的主语放在句末，而用 it 放在主语或宾语的位置上，使句子结构更清楚。这时，it 叫先行词或形式主语/形式宾语。 e.g. It’s very useful to master English. It’s no use learning without thinking. It worried me that she didn’t phone.

II. 用作先行词的it （2） e.g. I found it important to study English. I feel it no use crying. I think it strange that no one would take the money. 注： it作形式宾语时，宾语之后一定要有宾语补足语。否则，就不能用it了。因为宾语已经在句末。

III. 用在强调句型中的it (1) 强调句子的主语, 宾语, 表语或状语时，常用： “It is/was + 被强调的部分 + that连剩余部分”. 这种句型不能强调谓语动词。如果强调的部分是人，可用who/whom代替that。 e.g. He is on duty today in the factory. ① ② ③ ④ ① It is he that/who is on duty today… ② It’s on duty that he is today… ③ It’s today that he is on duty in… ④ It’s in the factory that he is… ⑤ It was because he got up late that/why/how he missed the train. ⑥ It’s hard that he works. It 的 用 法

III. 用在强调句型中的it (2) 注1：②-⑥句中的that不能用where/when代替。 注2：强调句型中的谓语只能有两种：was/is. 注3：强调主语时，谓语应与主语的人称和数保持一致。 e.g. It is I that am a student. (不能用is/was/are/were) It was Tom and his sister that were praised. 注4：not until 句型用在强调句型中，主句不再倒装了。 e.g. It was not until 9 o’clock that I went to bed.

III. 用在强调句型中的it (3) It 的 用 法 注5：要检查强调句型与其它句型的区别就是去掉 “it’s/was…that…” , 在将句子还原，不多一个词不少一个词，句子结构完整，就是强调句，否则是其它句型。 e.g. It was last night that I saw the film. (强) It was reported that these books sell well. (主从) It is in the place that I was born. （强） e.g. It is the place where I was born. （定从） = It is the place that I was born in.

III. 用在强调句型中的it (4) 注6：在特殊疑问句中，只能强调特殊疑问词。其结构为：“疑问词+强调句型的一般疑问句？” 即：“wh- + is/was it that连剩余部分？” e.g. Where were you born? Where was it that you were born? Where is it that we’ll leave?

IV. 用在固定结构中的it e.g. Take it easy. Take it for granted. Believe it or not. e.g. “hello! Who is that (speaking)?” “This is john/I (speaking). 不能用it代this

Exercises I. Discuss the following sentences and tell the function of “ it ”: 1. It’s difficult to remember all their names. 2. It’s very quiet in the café. 3. It rained for three days . 4. He made it clear that he didn’t want to speak to me . 5. It was nice meeting you. 6. It was on Tuesday that Smith came. 7. It’s three miles from here to the nearest garage. 8. A tall man stood up and shook hands. It was captain Lawrie. 9. I hear you bought a new bike .Can you show it to me ? 10. It was five a clock when we got back home yesterday. 11. It was dirty and wet below the ship where the slaves were kept. 12. It was on this coast that lots of his people disappeared. 13. It was most likely that one third of them had lost their lives.