Noun Clause Grammar Focus: the Attributive Clause 宝鸡市斗鸡中学 许梅娟

What he does is important. 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词 { His job is important. 主语 What he does is important. { This is his job. 表语 This is what he does every day.

I don’t know about the man, Mr. White. { I don’t like his job. 宾语 I don’t like what he does every day. I don’t know about the man, Mr. White. { 同位语 I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.

名词性从句 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

Noun Clauses (名词性从句) Subject Clause (主语从句) Object Clause （宾语从句） Predicative Clause （表语从句） Appositive Clause （同位语从句）

2. What he is doing seems very difficult. 找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句。 1. I don't know if I can do it. 2. What he is doing seems very difficult. 3. The important thing is how we can improve our studies. 4. Mr Li always thinks of how he can do more for the people. 5. The news that she was pretending to be sick was whispered from one to another. 宾语从句 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句

I know he ----------------- here.(live) 二、时态 1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。 I know he ----------------- here.(live) I know he------------- here ten years ago.(live) I have heard that he ------------- tomorrow.(come) lives lived will come

2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时） lived I knew who _________________ here.(live) I saw she _________________________her mother. (talk) He asked whether his father ___________ tomorrow. (come back) He said that he ____________it .(see) was talking with would come back had seen

3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。 The teacher said that the earth ----------around the sun.（travel） Travel is

√ √ 三、语序 从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。 2. What does he want to buy ? 1. When will he go to the library? 1 His brother asks when he will go to the library . 2 His brother asks when will he go to the library . √ 2. What does he want to buy ? 1 I don’t know what he wants to buy . 2 I don’t know what does he want to buy .

1.I don’t know what is the matter \the trouble\wrong with him. 2 .I don’t know who did it. 3. I don’t know who is he √ √ ×

从属连词 (不作成分） 连接代词 （作成分） 连接副词 （作状语） Conjunctions of Noun Clauses(引导名词性从句的关联词): 从属连词 (不作成分） 连接代词 （作成分） 连接副词 （作状语） that, whether, if ,as if/as though what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever when, where, how, why

1.______ he wants is a book. 注意1：that / what的辨用 1.______ he wants is a book. 2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious. 3.We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying. 4.He told us ______ he felt ill. 5.The result is ______ we won the game. What That what that that

6.This is _____ we want to know. 7. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon. 8.The fact______ she works hard is well known to us all. what what that 1.that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。 2. what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。 Rules

C. That; that D. That; what A. what man will look like 例1. __we can’t get seems better than __we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 例2. No one can be sure ___ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like

注意2：whether与if的辨用 1.Whether it is true remains a problem. 2.It remains a problem whether/if it is true. 3. He asked whether/if Mary would attend the ceremony. 4.It depends on whether we have got enough money. 5.The question is whether you should accept it.

6.The question whether he’ll attend the meeting is important. 7.I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. 8.I don’t know whether/if it is right or not. 1.在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在vt动词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”， whether/if 都可以用； 2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”， 只能用whether； 3.在whether… or not 和whether to do 中whether 不能换成if Rules

Practice time if / whether 1. I asked her __________ she had a bike. 2. I don’t know _________ he is well or not. 3._________ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 4.It hasn't been decided___________we shall attend the meeting. whether/ if whether Whether whether / if

5.We’re worried about ________ he is safe. whether 5.We’re worried about ________ he is safe. 6. The question is _________ he should do it. 7.The doctor can hardly answer the question __________ the old man will recover soon. 8. I don’t know _______ to go or to stay at home. whether whether whether

1. 跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。 常用名词有belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion等。Suggestion, suggest order demand wish等 2. 常用连词：that; when, where, why, how 。 同位语从句

3.同位语从句多用that 引导，无意义，不可省。 e.g. 1.消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。 Word came that Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army. 2.问题是他如何做这件事的。 It’s the question how he did it. 4.在have no idea之后用wh-引导同位语从句 I have no idea where he has gone. I have no idea when he did it. I have no idea what he did.

Tell the difference 1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy. 2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming. Appositive Attributive

3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical. Appositive Attributive

判断:定语从句or同位语从句 1.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 2.The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 3.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true. 4.The news that we got last week is true. 5.The question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one. (同位语从句) (定语从句) (同位语从句) (定语从句) (定语从句)

主语从句 主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。 It is known to us that he will come here.

It + be + 形容词 ＋ that从句 It + be + -ed分词 ＋ that从句 用it形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配： It + be + 形容词 ＋ that从句 It is necessary that… 有必要… It is important that …. 重要的是… It is obvious that…… 很明显…… It + be + -ed分词 ＋ that从句 It is believed that… 人们相信… It is known to us/all that …. 众所周知… It has been decided that…… 已经决定…

It + be + 名词 ＋ that从句 It + 不及物动词 ＋ that从句 It is common knowledge that… …是常识 It is a surprise that …. 令人惊奇的是… It is a fact that…… 事实是…… It + 不及物动词 ＋ that从句 It appears that… 似乎… It happens that …. 碰巧… It occurred to me that…… 我突然想起……

宾语从句中用it作形式宾语 注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。 (1) We think it our duty that we should help others. (2) I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.

考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 例1. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It

例2. I hate _____when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. this D. them 例3. Does _______ matter if he can't finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it

Practice – choosing ( 5m ) 1.Go and get your coat.It's_______you left it. A.there B.where C.there were D.where there 2.The problem is___ he has enough time. A.if B.whether C./ D.that 3.He made a promise_______ he would help me. A.what B.when C.that D.which B B C

4.I remember_______ this used to be a quiet village. A.how B.when C.where D.what 5.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_____he or she wants. A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever B B

种类 名 词 性 从 句 语序问题 时态问题　 关联词的区分