高三英语总复习语法系列训练 倒装结构 宝安高级中学高三英语备课组

倒装语序分为“全部倒装”和“部分倒装”。在全部倒装的句子中，整个谓语都放在主语的前面；在部分倒装的句子中，只是谓语中的一部分（如助动词、情态动词或系动词be等）放在主语前面，其余部分仍放在主语后面。下面将常见的倒装情况分述如下：

一、由there, here 或now 等引起，谓语为come（或go）的句子，例如： There comes the bus! There goes the bell! Here comes Mary! Now comes your turn. 注：如果主语为人称代词，仍用自然语序，例如： There he comes! Here she comes! 二、由then 引起，谓语为come（或 follow）的句子，例如： Then came a new difficulty. Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. Then came wind, hail and frost.

三、由here（或there）引导，谓语为be的句子，如： Here is China’s largest tropical forest. Here are some picture-books. 注：如果主语为人称代词，仍用自然语序，如： Here you are. / Here we are. / Here it is. / There he is. 四、由so引起的，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人（或物）的句子，如： “We must start for the work-site now.” “So must we.” Society has changed and so have the people in it. He plays the violin quite well. So does my sister. He has been to Beijing, so have I. 注：如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思，尽管so用开头，语序也不要倒装，如： -- It was cold yesterday. – So it was! -- Tomorrow will be Monday. – So it will.

五、由neither或nor引起的，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人（或物）的句子，如： -- I won’t do such a thing. –Neither / Nor will I. If you won’t go, neither shall I. -- I haven’t done my homework. –Neither / Nor have I. I didn’t read the notice on the bulletin board, nor did he. 六、在if引导的非真实条件句中，如有助动词had, should或were时，可以省略if，进行倒装，如： Had I come five minutes earlier, I would have met the famous scientist. (If I had come five minutes …) Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something. Should anyone call, tell him to wait for me here. Were I ten years younger, I would be able to climb to the top of the hill. Should you change your mind, let us know. (If I were you …不倒装)

七、在描写情景时，有时为了生动，可以把out, in, up, down, away等副词放在主语前，同时主谓倒装，如： Up went the arrow into the air. Up flew the red balloon. Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes. 注：如果主语是一个人称代词，谓语仍放在后面，如： Away they went. / Down it flew. / Up it went. 八、当as引导让步状语从句时，可以把表语提到前面来，采用“形容词（或副词、名词）+ as +主语+谓语”这种形式，如： Old as my father is, he keeps up with his English study. Child as he is, he knows something of electricity. Tired as he was, he continued to work. Young as she was, she was already director of a factory.

九、当always, often, well, many a time等词放在句首时，后面常用倒装语序，如： Always did the soldier go to help the villagers. Often did we warn them not to do so. Well do I remember the day I saw a wild tiger. Many a time did he go swimming in the river. 注：上述所说的词不放在句首，不用倒装语序。 十、only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，其后面的主语部分要进行倒装，如： Only in this way can you hope to improve the situation there. Only then did I realize that I was wrong. Only once did his father discuss his future with him. Only yesterday did I realize what was going on. Only after he came back was I able to see him. 注：only修饰主语，仍用自然语序，如： Only socialism can save China.

十一、含有否定意义的副词、连词或短语构成的状语放在句首时，常用倒装语序。 这些词和词组有：not, never, hardly, seldom, little, rarely, scarcely, not until, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, no sooner…than…, hardly…when …, scarcely…when等，例如： Never shall I forget the day when I joined the League. Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. Not only did he read the book, but also remembered what he had read. No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill. Hardly / Scarcely had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her. 注：上面所说的词和词组如果不在句首，句子不必用倒装语序。另外，not only…but also连接两个主语时，不用倒装，如： Not only the students, but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.

十二、当so（或such）…that…结构中的so或such用于句首时，要采取倒装语序，如： So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs. So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. So angry was he that he couldn’t speak. So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken. Such was his strength that he could bend iron bars. 注：such和be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序，如： Such was the result. Such were her words. Such was the story he told.

Good-bye! 十三、在下列结构中也常用倒装语序： On a hill in front of them stood a great castle. On the bed lay a sick old man. Under the tree was sitting one of the biggest men I have ever seen. Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing cards. Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen. Good-bye!