成才之路 · 英语 人教版 · 必修1 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 www.xkb1.com

Nelson Mandela－a modern hero Unit 5 Nelson Mandela－a modern hero

Section Ⅱ Learning about Language Unit 5 Section Ⅱ　Learning about Language

课前新知预习 1 课堂达标验收 3 课堂要点探究 2 课 时 作 业 4

课前新知预习

关系副词和“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句 观察思考，观察下列句子，写出黑体词(关系代词)的先行词及在定语从句中所作的成分 ①The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. (先行词________，时间状语) ②We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. (先行词________，地点状语)

③The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. (先行词________，地点状语) ④The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. ⑤It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. (先行词________，宾语) 答案：①the time　②a stage　③the places　④the parts of town　⑤the black lawyer

课堂要点探究

一、基础点拨 (一)关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 先行词 功能 when 表时间的名词 时间状语 where 表地点的名词 地点状语 why 一般为reason 原因状语

I still remember the day when(on which) I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 What's the name of the place where (at which) you spent your holiday last year? 去年你度假的那个地方叫什么名字？ The reason why he was late for class was that he got up late. 他迟到的原因是他起晚了。

(二)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 定语从句中的介词有时可置于关系代词之前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。关系代词通常是which和whom, which指物，whom指人。

1．介词＋which在所引导的定语从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等。 I'll never forget the days on which we studied together. 我永远忘不了我们一起学习的日子。 This is the town in which Shakespeare was born. 这就是莎士比亚出生的城镇。 Can you explain the reason for which you were absent? 你能解释一下你没来的原因吗？ www.xkb1.com

2．“名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词”结构常用来表示与先行词之间的从属关系，可以用whose结构代替。 Please pass me the book，the cover of which/whose cover is blue. 请把那本蓝色封面的书递给我。 There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班有50个学生，其中大多数来自大城市。

3．关系代词前介词的选择。 (1)看先行词与介词的搭配。 The book has opened a window through which we can see a wonderful world outside. ( through the window 通过/穿过窗户) 书本打开了一扇我们能够看到外面精彩世界的窗户。 (2)看从句谓语动词与介词的搭配。 The university from which he graduated is supposed to be one of top universities in the world. ( graduate from a university 大学毕业) 他毕业的那所大学被看作是世界上顶尖大学之一。

(3)看从句中形容词与介词的搭配。 Her daughter has been admitted into Beijing University, of which she is very proud. (be proud of以……为自豪) 她女儿被北京大学录取了，为此她感到很自豪。 (4)看定语从句的含义。 Nowhere could he find his glasses, without which he could see nothing. 他找不到眼镜了，不戴眼镜，他什么也看不见。

二、难点突破 1．部分“介词＋which”引导的定语从句可以转化为关系副词引导的定语从句。 (1)在定语从句中作时间状语时用when。 We'll never forget the days in which/when we stayed in the beautiful village. 我们永远不会忘记在那美丽的乡村待过的日子。

(2)在定语从句中作地点状语时用where。 The school in which/where my sister is teaching is in the charge of a young lady. 我姐姐任教的那所学校由一位年轻的女士掌管。 (3)在定语从句中作原因状语时用why。 The reason for which/why he was absent from class today is that he is ill. 他今天没来上学的原因是他生病了。

2．scene, case, point, situation, conditions等表示“情况，方面”等的名词作先行词时，在定语从句中作状语常用where引导，亦可用“介词＋which”结构。 He had to face the conditions where/under which pressure was heavy. 他必须面对压力很大的情况。 The scene where/in which the bear comes at the hunter is frightening. 熊朝猎人扑来的那一幕很吓人。

3．在定语从句中“介词＋which”结构不可以与普通关系代词或关系副词互换的情况。 There's only one problem about which they disagree. 仅有一个问题他们不同意。 (2)有些“动词＋介词”短语，如look for, look after, take care of等，如果介词提前将会失去动词短语的意义时，介词不能提前变成“介词＋which”结构。 This is the very book (that) I am looking for. 这正是我在找的书。

名师点津 关系代词和关系副词的选择： (1)明确定语从句的先行词是表时间还是地点。 (2)分析句子结构，明确先行词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。 (3)分析从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词则要用关系副词。

课堂达标验收

Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空 1．I won't forget the night ________ I got lost in the mountain. 2．He at last explained to us the reason ________ he refused our offer. 3．This is a position ________ most of us want to get. 4．After graduation I would like to get a job ________I can use what I have learnt at school. 5．At the moment ________ he was announced to have won in the election，Putin couldn't keep back his tears.

6．The teacher told Mary to tell us the way ________she enriched her English vocabulary. 7．The man with ________ our headmaster is shaking hands is a famous professor. 8．We got to know each other in the village school ________ I volunteered to work for two years. 9．Last year I paid a visit to the college in ________ I had spent four years. 10．I treasure the days ________ I spent with my pen friends in his country.

答案：1.when 2.why 3.which 4.where 5.when 6．that 7.whom 8.where 9.which 10．that/which www.xkb1.com

Ⅱ.用“介词＋关系代词”填空 1．The car ________ ________ he paid 18,000 yuan got burnt in an accident. 2．I searched carefully and found the hole ________ ________the mouse came into my room. 3．This is the reason ________ ________ he failed to attend my birthday party. 4．I have lost my glasses，________ ________ I can't see clearly. 5．The person ________ ________ the farmers learned a lot is an expert in farming.

6．This is the book ________ ________ he devoted all his energy. 7．It is surprising that he has forgotten the person ________ ________he drank last night. 8．The cane (手杖)________ ________the old man supports himself when walking is made of steel. 9．For several days，my telephone rang at 5 a．m., ________ ________ I was sleeping. 10．He has three sons, two ________ ________ are famous scholars.

答案：1. for which 2. through which 3. for which 4. without which 5 答案：1.for which　2.through which　3.for which　4.without which　5.from whom　6.to which　7.with whom 8．with which　9.at which　10.of whom

Ⅲ.语法单句填空 1.—Where did you find Tom? —It was in the house ________ I lived last year. 答案：where　考查定语从句。由语境知答语是个强调句的省略句，补充完整为：It was in the house where I lived last year that I found Tom.。被强调部分是地点状语in the house，后接定语从句，live是不及物动词，不需要接宾语，where在定语从句中作地点状语。

2．I shall never forget the years ________ I lived in the country with the farmers, ________ has a great effect on my life. 答案：when; which　考查定语从句。第一个空引导定语从句修饰years，又在从句中作时间状语；第二个空引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。

3．In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ whom she could turn for help. 答案：to　句意：在漆黑的街道上，没有一个她能求助的人。turn to sb.for help“向某人求助”，这是一个固定句式，person为先行词，定语从句部分中she为主语，whom作turn to的宾语，该句to放在了关系代词的前面，关系代词只能用whom。本句的正常语序为“In the dark street, there wasn't a single person whom she could turn to for help”。

4．I don't like the way ________ he treated the old. 答案：that　考查关系词的使用。定语从句缺少状语。先行词way以in the way的形式在从句中作方式状语。当“way”表示“方式、方法”在句中作先行词，后被一个定语从句修饰时，引导定语从句可用that，也可用in which，或什么都不用。 www.xkb1.com

5．Many young people just can't live without the Internet, ________ they depend on for whatever information they need. 答案：which　考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人离开网络就不能活，他们依靠网络获得需要的任何信息。which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作depend on的宾语，其先行词为the Internet。

6．When she was a small girl, her mother arranged for her to have extra classes on Saturday ________ piano lessons are taught. 答案：where　考查定语从句。先行词为classes，定语从句piano lessons are taught不缺宾语或主语，所以先行词应该作状语，表地点用where。 7．Is this the school ________ you studied twelve years ago? 答案：where　考查定语从句。句意：这就是你十二年前就读的那所学校吗？本句中先行词为the school，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where，相当于in which。

8．“We went through a period ________ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. ”said Mo Yan. 答案：when　考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是period，定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，因此period应该在定语从句中作状语，与介词的搭配是in the period，相当于when。 9．Can you think of a situation ________ this expression can be used? 答案：where　考查关系代词的选用。在这个定语从句中this expression can be used不缺少主语和宾语，所以不可以填which和that或省略，因此断定定语从句中缺少状语，where相当于in a situation。

10．We all want to know the reason ________ you left without a word. 答案：why　考查定语从句。why＝for which，引导reason后的定语从句，在从句中作状语。句意：我们都想知道你不辞而别的原因。 www.xkb1.com

课 时 作 业 点此链接 www.xkb1.com