Why to start a war? 為什麼發動戰爭? Back-stage of the American attack on Iraq in 1991 1991年美國攻擊伊拉克的幕後原因 Source of information: University of Milan 資料來源：米蘭大學（義大利）

Costs of Gulf War 波斯灣戰爭的費用 40 billions of dollars 400億美金 38 billions of euros 380億歐元

Who has paid them? 誰支付了戰爭的費用？ You might think they have been paid by USA, but… 你可能猜想是由美國支付，然而... But it is partially true only 這僅是部分的實情 40 Billions $ 400億美金 25% of costs has been covered by USA (10 Billions $)費用的25％由美國支應（100億美金） 75% of costs has been covered by Arabian countries, especially Kuwait and Saudi Arabia (30 Billions $)75%的費用則由阿拉伯國家支付，主要為科威特及沙烏地阿拉伯（300億美金）

Where did they find that money? 他們去哪裡找這些錢？ Oil price, before the war, was about 15 $ per barrell… 原油價格在戰爭前每桶大約15塊美金... …but with the Gulf War it increased to 42$ per barrel, generating an extra profit estimated to be at least 60 Billions $ ...但隨著波斯灣戰爭每桶原油價格飆漲到42塊美金，這額外的利潤估計至少600億美金 And who got this profit? 那麼誰得到這些利益？ In the Arabian country there is the so-called “fifty-fifty law”: 50% to local Government, 50% to the multinational which controls the oil-field. Then… 在阿拉伯國家有所謂「平分法則」：50％給當地政府、50％給那些控制油田的跨國公司，於是乎…

Easy answer: 簡單的答案是： Net profit from the price increase: 60 Billions $ 由原油價格飆漲而來的淨利潤：600億美金 30 Billions $ to oil companies 300億美金到了石油公司那裡 30 Billions to Arabian Government (Kuwait+Saudi Arabia) 300億美金到了阿拉伯國家政府（科威特+沙烏地阿拉伯）

Who owns oil companies? 誰擁有這些石油公司？ In the Middle East, oil drawing and trade is totally controlled by the 7 Sisters (Shell,Esso…), all Americans, 5 owned directly by USA Government. 在中東石油的開採與交易，完全由7家公司掌控（ Shell,Esso...）並且都是與美國有關的公司，五家甚至直接由美國政府擁有（附註：所謂7Sisters指BP, Exxon ,Gulf ,Mobil, Shell, Standard, Texaco7家非阿拉伯國家石油公司，掌握船運、輸油管線及提煉技術等） 30 Billions $300億美金 About 21 Billions $ to USA Government 大約210億美金給了美國政府 About 9 Billions $ to private Americans 大約90億美金給了美國私營公司

Let’s count…我們計算一下... 11Billions $ profits 9 Billions $ profits War costs Profits from oil price increase Results Arabian countries 30 Billions $ USA Government 10 Billions $ 21 Billions $ 11Billions $ profits USA privates 9 Billions $ 9 Billions $ profits Now it is clear… USA gained 20 $ Billions from the War! To liberate Kuwait? They just wanted to get money! 現在清楚了…，美國從戰爭中取得200億美金的利益！使科威特重獲自由？他們只是想獲致金錢利益而已。

That is not all…還不是全部 …then us!!! ...然後就是我們!!! At the end, who has paid the 1991 war in Iraq? 1.最後誰支付了1991年伊拉克戰爭的費用？ Those who use oil…那些使用石油的人... …then us!!! ...然後就是我們!!!

Moreover…除此之外... So USA, with the oil increase and war effect, has gained… 因此美國因石油的增長與戰爭的效應而獲益... 11 Billions $ 110億美金directly直接的利益 49 Billions $ from effects!!! 490億美金從戰爭的效應

But consider also this… 但也要考慮… 2. Where the 40 Billions $ spent for the War are gone? 2. 為戰爭所花費的400億美金到哪裡去了？ To the war industry, which is almost totally… 幾乎全部都到了美國人的軍火工業上去了... AMERICAN!!!

Remarks 評論 It is easy to imagine that the 1991 War was done for economical reasons and not for human reasons or freedom purposes 很容易猜想，1991年的戰爭是為了經濟的理由，而非人道或自由的目的 But now it is also easier to understand 2 today issues: the reasons of Afghanistan War and most likely, next War in Iraq. 現在也可以比較容易理解當今的兩項爭論： 阿富汗戰爭，及很可能下一次伊拉克戰爭的原因

Remarks評論 Especially, the Afghanistan War had as main target, the establishment of a puppet Government, which let the building of a oil pipeline (owned by Americans) 2,500 km long, across its territory. 尤其是阿富汗戰爭，一個傀儡政府的設立，用以允許建造一條橫跨阿富汗境內、長達2500公里輸油管線（由美國擁有）是主要的目標。 This pipeline, having strategic importance, has got a unique alternative: the building of another pipeline, 5,500 km long, much more expensive to be built and maintained, due to high taxes required from crossed countries to USA. 這條輸油管線有它重要的策略價值，成為一個獨特的替代選擇：以其他輸油管線的建造需要5500公里長，建造與維護上都昂貴許多。由於這樣高額的負擔，必須跨越阿富汗這個國家，以便利將石油送達美國。 Much easier, then, to destroy a country weakened by 20 years of War and make it a colony, having the opportunity to build the pipeline in peace. 更簡單的說，既然如此，摧毀一個飽受二十年內戰的衰弱國家並使他成為殖民地，便有機會以平和的手段建造這條輸油管線。

Remarks評論 To understand why Bush jr. wants to attack Iraq again, we need to know that USA is arguing with its main oil supplier in Middle East: Saudi Arabia. 要瞭解布希為何想要再次攻擊伊拉克，我們必須知道美國與它主要的石油供應國：沙烏地阿拉伯有所爭執。 Break is getting serious, because Saudi Arabia is one of the most involved countries with Bin Laden terrorism, and because the international public opinion has pointed out the lack of human rights in this country. 雙方的嫌隙逐漸嚴重的原因，是因為沙烏地阿拉伯是與賓拉登恐怖主義有複雜關係的許多國家之一，而國際輿論也已指出伊拉克這個國家缺乏人權。 For Bush Government there is a priority now: find an alternative oil supplier in the Middle East. 現在對布希政府而言有一個優先重點：在中東地區尋找一個可替代的石油供應者

最簡單的方法就是攻擊伊拉克，推翻賽達姆政權，並建立一個由美國控制的傀儡政府（如布希已說過的意圖），那問題是：為什麼是伊拉克？ Remarks評論 The easiest way is to attack Iraq, remove Saddam and establish a puppet Government controlled directly by USA (as Bush already said it will be) The spontaneous question is: Why Iraq? For 3 simple reasons: 最簡單的方法就是攻擊伊拉克，推翻賽達姆政權，並建立一個由美國控制的傀儡政府（如布希已說過的意圖），那問題是：為什麼是伊拉克？ 以下是三個簡單的原因： Iraq is a country who cannot defend itself (poverty due to embargo killed every year 300,000 children).伊拉克是一個不能自我防禦的國家（由於經濟封鎖造成的貧窮，每年有三十萬兒童死亡）。 Iraq offers an easy pretext (mysterious mass-destruction weapons, which are developed having great technologies and capitals) to justify the attack to American public opinion, who ignore the real reason of the War: the control of oil.伊拉克提供了一個很好的藉口（由尖端技術與鉅額資本所發展的神秘性大量毀滅性武器）證明了對美國輿論造成攻擊，並可使人們忽視掉發動戰爭的真正原因：控制石油能源。 At the moment, Iraq hasnot got any strong allied, to contrast American attack.而就在此刻，伊拉克已經不能得到任何結盟來應付美國的攻擊。

Last remarks最後一個評論 Venezuela is the biggest United States oil supplier Moreover, in the last 3 months, in Venezuela, the social revolution has broken out due to miserable life conditions of the people, controlled by the American oil multinationals 此外，在最近的三個月，因人們悲慘的生活狀況，使得委內瑞拉社會革命運動已經突破美國跨國石油公司的控制。 Venezuela is the biggest United States oil supplier To find alternatives to Venezuela and Saudi Arabia is the main goal of Bush. 委內瑞拉是美國最大的石油供應者，尋找代替委內瑞拉與沙烏地阿拉伯石油供應者的角色，是布希任內的主要目標。

All of us have to pay if this war starts. What to do?做些什麼事？ First of all, let as much as possible people know about real reasons of the war.If a person doesn’t know, he/she is easily controllable. If instead he/she can think with his/her mind, it is not impossible he/she will be against a barbarian war with economics reasons only. 盡可能讓更多人知道關於戰爭的真正原因，如果人們不知道，他/她是容易被操弄控制的。相反的，如果他/她能用心思考，他/她將會反對一個僅以經濟理由而起的野蠻戰爭，這並不是不可能。 Support all the institutions and associations against this war. Translate this file into your language, to let people know. Show the peace flag on your balcony. All of us have to pay if this war starts. 支持所有的機構與社團反對這場戰爭，以你自己的語言傳譯這份文件讓人們知道，展現和平的旗幟在你的露台，如果這場戰爭開始，我們所有的人都要付出代價。