Direct speech & Reported speech

直接引语变间接引语的 三变化

一、从句人称的变化 由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称 要遵循一随主、二随宾、三不变的原则。

She said, “ I am very busy.” “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化： She said, “ I am very busy.” She said was very busy. she She said，“My brother wants to go with me.” She said brother wanted to go with . her her

“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称,或被第二称人所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。(如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称)，如： He said to Mary, “How is your sister now?” He asked Mary how sister was then. her The teacher asked Tom, “If you like English? ” The teacher asked Tom If like English . he He said , “ You should study hard. ” He said should study hard. I

Mr Smith said, "Jack is a good worker." “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr Smith said, "Jack is a good worker." Mr Smith said was a good worker. Jack She said，“ Mary’s teacher will meet her.” She said teacher will meet . Mary’s her

二、从句动词时态的变化

直接引语 间接引语 各种现在时 各种过去时 将来时 条件句 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去完成进行时 will would Is/am/are going to Was/were going to 真实条件句 与现在和将来事实相反的虚拟语气

但要注意在以下几种情况下,在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 (1) 直接引语是客观真理。 “The earth moves around the sun,” the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun .

(2)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980." Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.

(3)直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。 He said, "I get up at six every morning." He said he gets up at six every morning.

Peter said. "You had better come here today." (4)直接引语为过去完成时，虚拟语气以及直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。 Peter said. "You had better come here today." Peter said I had better go there that day .

三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 Direct speech Reported speech 指示代词 地点状语 动词 this that these those here there go come bring take

时 间 状 语 Now then, at that moment Today This morning (week, month, etc) Yesterday The day before yesterday Last week (month, year) Tomorrow The day after tomorrow next week (month, year) that day that morning (week,month, etc) the day before two days before the week (month, year) before the next/ the following day two days after / in two days the next /following week (month,year)

祈使句的间接引语

ask /tell/order/command sb. (not) to do sth. 1.须将动词原形变为动词不定式，主句谓语根据语 气选用，ask , tell, order, command等及物动词。 其结构： ask /tell/order/command sb. (not) to do sth. 2.如果祈使句中有 please一词， 改为间接时，将please 去掉。

He said，“ Don’t touch anything .” He us touch anything. told not to Jack said, “Please come to my office, Mary.” Jack Mary go to his office.” asked to

一般疑问句的间接引语

一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引 语时，有 whether 或 if 引导。 注意： 语序要变为陈述句语序

He said, "Can you swim, John?" He asked John if he could swim. “ How you finished the homework ? ” my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

特殊疑问句的间接引语

特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引 语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。 注意： 语序要变为陈述句语序

He asked, “Where do you live?" He asked me where I lived . “ Have many books did you buy ? ” Tom asked. Tom asked me how many books I had bought.

exercises

D 1. Our teacher asked us _____ our dictionaries to school. A. bring                       B. brought                    C. bring                       D. to bring 2. She asked him ____. A. whose dictionary this is                                B. whose dictionary that was C. whose dictionary is this                                D. whose dictionary that is B

3. He asked me ____. A. how would the weather be like tomorrow      B. what the weather would be like the next day C. how the weather would be like tomorrow      D. what would the weather be like the next day B 4. She told me that she ____ by her relatives at the bus stop. A. had been seen off     B. have seen off            C. have been seen off    D. had seen off A

D 5. He asked _____for the violin, A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay      D. how much I paid C 6. Mary’s mother asked her _____. A. that whether she had finished her homework B. if she has finished her homework C. if she had finished her homework                  D. that if she had finished her homework

Thank you!