监测 CDM Project Monitoring and Reporting 中国CDM能力建设项目培训讲义 Training Material Building Capacity for the CDM in China 2019/5/6

CDM项目流程：The CDM Project Cycle 设计 审定/注册 监测 PP： 项目参与方 DOE：指定经营实体 EB： 执行理事会 CER： 经核证的减排 核查/认证 签发CERs 2019/5/6

监测计划：Monitoring Plan 监测计划应能过提供并符合认下列事项的所有相关数据： 在计入期内项目边界内温室气体源人为排放量 A monitoring plan shall provide for the collection and archiving of all relevant data necessary for determining: 在计入期内项目边界内温室气体源人为排放量 anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases occurring within the project boundary during the crediting period; 在计入期内项目边界内温室气体源人为排放量基准 the baseline of anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases within the project boundary during the crediting period; 在计入期内项目边界外重要的并可归因于项目活动而增加的温室气体源人为排放 increased anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases outside the project boundary that are significant and reasonably attributable to the project activity during the crediting period. 若项目参与方或东道国认为项目所造成的环境影响较显著，则监测计划应包括收集并符合项目相关的环境影响的信息。 A monitoring plan shall provide for the collection and archiving of information related to the environmental impacts of the project, if those impacts are considered significant by the project parties or the host Party. 2019/5/6

监测计划：Monitoring Plan CDM项目应包括一个收集排放数据的监测计划 基准与监测方法应紧密相关 监测计划是未来项目核查的基础 监测计划应能够监控基准和项目排放的本质风险 基准与监测计划的设计应根据已批准的方法学，如果使用新的方法学应一并提交批准 可使用简化的基准方法学与监测计划 CDM projects must have a monitoring plan to collect accurate emissions data. A strong link should be established between baseline and monitoring methodologies The monitoring plan is the basis of future verification The monitoring plan should enable to monitor the risks inherent to baseline and project emissions. The baseline and monitoring plan must be designed according to approved methodologies. New baseline and monitoring methodologies shall be proposed and approved together. Simplified baseline methodologies and monitoring plans can be used. 2019/5/6

监测：Monitoring 监测方法学是否有特殊报告的要求？其要求是否被惯澈 Are there any specific reporting requirements in the monitoring methodology ? Are these being followed? 什么参数应被监测？ What factors should be monitored? 排放相关参数：燃料消耗、活动层级等 Emission related factors: fuel consumption, activity levels etc. 数据的可信度：商业、法规及其他 Reliability of data: Commercial, regulated, then others. 基准线参数: (项目计入期) Baseline factors (Credit-based projects): 政治法律、经济、社会发展、技术 Political-legal, economical, socio-demographic, technology 泄漏参数 Leakage factors 项目边界外直接或间接影响 Indirect or direct effects outside project boundaries 2019/5/6

报告透明性： Reporting transparency 透明性对所有涉及方都是必需的，它是产生可信的减排重要手段。Transparency is an imperative for all involved parties, and will be a significant means for creating credible emission reductions 对客户透明性的要求： Requirements for client transparency 项目的开发者应对其陈述的信息保持性，例如项目设计文件、基准研究、监测计划、监测报告、计算方法与假设，以及其他相关项目文件。 The project proponent shall be transparent in their presentation of information, such as project design documents, baseline study, monitoring plans, monitoring reports, calculation methods and assumptions and/or other relevant project documentation. 项目的执行者必须透明陈述涵盖其佐证减排量确认的审核跟踪的绩效数据 The project operator must be transparent in the presentation of performance data that constitute the audit trail which sustain the determination of emission reductions. 2019/5/6

报告的可比性：Comparability in reporting 在不同的报告期内所有的计量、计算、估算都应建立在同样的假设上。 Measurements, calculations and estimations must be based on the same assumptions over different reporting periods 不同的项目范围、确认方法、现区/流程的改变， 以及其他相关因素都应予以识别并纳入考虑。 Differences in project scope, determination methods, site/process changes and any other relevant factors must be identified and taken into consideration 2019/5/6

温室气体信息的风险: Risks to GHG Information 低 low Non-operated sites Acquisitions & Equity share Failure to ID divestitures calculation all sources Data uncertainty ( esp Methane) 空着等级 Level of Control Inaccuracy of measurement Lack of 1990 data Continuity of staff Cultural bias/ Boundary definitions gaming Competence of staff Resources / training 高 high 低 low 数据风险 Data Risk 高 high Original perceived risk level Decreased risk Increased risk 2019/5/6 level level

报告风险：Reporting risks 完整性：Completeness 精确性：Accuracy 一致性 Consistency 排放源的遗漏 Omission of a source 错误的定义边界 Incorrectly defined boundary 泄漏的影响 Leakage effects 精确性：Accuracy 重复计算 Double counting 显著的手抄转关键数据 Significant manual transfer of key data 适用不恰当的排放因子 Inappropriate use of emission factors 缺乏路径审核 Lack of audit trail 缺乏运行控制或对关键计量/监测设备的本质不确定性 Lack of operational control or inherent uncertainties over key measurement/monitoring equipment 数据管理较差 Poor management control over the data 一致性 Consistency 未文件化/解释方法学变更或其他变更 Undocumented/unexplained methodology changes or other changes Sufficient appropriate audit evidence: Audit evidence may be obtained from: inquiry and analysis; re-computation, comparison and other clerical accuracy checks; observation; inspection; third parties (e.g. external laboratories, certifiers). 2019/5/6

报告风险减轻：Reporting risk mitigation 可以下列方法减轻报告的风险： Reporting risks can be mitigated by: 完整且精确的监测计划 A complete and accurate Monitoring Plan 辨识必要的质量保证活动 Identification of necessary quality assurance activities 设备转移及安装的培训计划 Training plan for transfer and installation of equipment 已识别的排放源使用可被审定的信息 Use of verifiable information from recognised sources Sufficient appropriate audit evidence: Audit evidence may be obtained from: inquiry and analysis; re-computation, comparison and other clerical accuracy checks; observation; inspection; third parties (e.g. external laboratories, certifiers). 2019/5/6