高中英语语法

分词作宾语补足语

宾语补足语(宾补)，在宾语后面，补充说明宾语，与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。 分词作宾补，一般用在感官动词和 使役动词 的宾语后面 感官动词 hear, see, notice, watch, feel, find, leave… 使役动词 make, let, have, get, keep I heard someone calling me. I had my bike stolen . 主 谓 宾 宾补

分词作宾语补足语 现在分词 过去分词 宾语 主语 谓语 宾语补足语 I heard the telephone ringing. I had a bad tooth pulled. 现在分词 与宾语是主动关系，表示动作在进行 与宾语是被动关系，表示动作的完成和结果 过去分词

不定式，现在分词和过去分词 作宾补的区别 They saw the boy playing near the lake.(现在分词作宾补)   形式 语态 内容 被动语态 不定式 不带to 动词原形 与宾语是 主动关系 动作发生了 To要还原 现在分词 V.+ing 动作正在进行 没变化 过去分词 V.+ed 被动关系 动作已经完成 I watched a boy cross the street. (不定式作宾补) They saw the boy playing near the lake.(现在分词作宾补) I heard my name called. (过去分词作宾补)

名词性从句

名词性从句 名词性从句是由that,各种疑问词, if 和 whether, 充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样 主语 表语 宾语 同位语 √ √ √ √ 名词 √ √ √ √ 名词性从句

一. 名词性 that- 从句 名词性that-从句来源于陈述句。 在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语。 1. That he came back made us happy.主语从句 试比较：He came back. . 2. He pretended (that) he didn’t see me.宾语从句试比较：He didn’t see me. 3. The fact is that he didn’t tell the truth.表语从句试比较：He didn’t tell the truth. 4. The news that he’ll come isn’t true.同位语从句 试比较：He will come.

注意： That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将 that-从句置于句末。 例如： It is quite clear that they’ve got everything ready.　很清楚，他们已经准备好了一切。

二. 名词性 wh- 从句 名词性 wh- 从句来源于特殊疑问句 Wh-词包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。 Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语和宾语补足语等

主语从句：How the book will sell depends on author 宾语从句：In one's own home one can do what one likes.　 The club knows why he left. That depends on where we shall go. 表语从句：My question is who will be in charge of the team soon .　 同位语从句 Do you have any idea when the war broke out ?

注意： 1. Wh-从句中，疑问词提前，后面用正常语序 What we will do next has not been decided yet. 2. 同样地，Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如： 1) It is not yet decided who will do that job.　　 2) It remains unknown when they are going there.　 3. What不一定翻译成“什么”，根据情况还可以 翻译成“……所….”( = the thing that) I want to know what the boy’s name is. What I said did not refer to you. 我所说的事不是指你。

三. if, whether引导的名词从句 来源于一般疑问句或选择疑问, 其功能同 wh-从句 (1) 来源于一般疑问句，翻译成“是否” 主语Whether the plan is good remains to be proved. 宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.　 表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 同位语：They repeated the question whether the man is reliable.

介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.　 (2) 选择性疑问从句由if/whether…or whether…or not 构成 Please tell me whether / if he is Swedish or Danish. I don't care whether you like the plan or not.

注意： whether与if 意义均为“是否”,但使用情况如下: 1. whether 可引导主语/表语/同位语/宾语从句。 从句后有“or not”时也不可用。 Whether he will come or not doesn’t make any difference. They talked about whether it was worth doing. He doesn’t know whether to go or not. I want to know whether / if you like it.