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Published by婉矶 颜 Modified 8年之前
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第 18 章 抗精神失常药 药学系药理教研室
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Chapter 18 Antipsychotic disorders drugs Zhu xiaoguang
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objecter 掌握 氯丙嗪的药理作用、作用机制、 临床应用与主要不良反应等。 熟悉 抗精神失常药的概念和分类 ; 其他抗精神病药的作用特点 ; 碳酸锂、米帕明的药理作用特点。 了解 精神失常的概念、分型.
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神经兮兮 神经稀稀 神经搭错
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Neuropathy psycho psychopathy note (神经病) (精神病) ≠
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Introduction 1 、 Concept Psychotic disorders various reason severe mental disorders.
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2 、 classification 1 、 schizophrenia 精神分裂症 2 、 mania-depressive disorder 躁狂抑郁症 3 、 anxiety 焦虑症 4 、 others
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1 ) the most familiar, 2 ) inpatient 60~70%; 3 ) thought and behavior ----cloven ( 分裂 ) 4 ) limbic system ( 边缘系统 ) DA function . Schizophrenia ( I type, II type )
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Mania-depressive disorder mania 5-HT ↓ NA NA ↓ 1 ) Mania-depressive 2)2) depression 5-HT ↓
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3 、 anxiety 焦虑症 4 、 others 青春期、 周期性、 更年期
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10 月 10 日是世界精神卫生日 健康体魄 + 健康心理 美好人生
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Classification of drugs Antipsychotic drugs chlorpromazine Antimanic drugs lithium carbonate Antidepressants imipramine Anxiolytics diazepam 氯丙嗪 碳酸锂 米帕明 地西泮
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§1 Antipsychotic Drugs 吩噻嗪类: chlorpromazine 硫杂蒽类: chlorprothixene 丁酰苯类: haloperidol 其他类: sulpiride , clozapine…
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chlorpromazine, CPZ 氯丙嗪 ( wintermin 冬眠灵 ) [ pharmacokinetics ] 1 、 po. slow and irregular, F variable, im. absorb quickly ; 2 、 pass BBB easily, distribution is wide ( in brain higher) ; 3 、 metabolize mainly in liver ; 4 、 elimination : kidney.
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chlorpromazine [ actions & uses ] I. CNS 1 、 Antipsychotic effects ( 抗精神病作用 ) characteristics 1) long use, can’t produce tolerance ; 2) symptomatic treatment ( 对症治疗 ); 3) the onset of effect is slow ( 6W-6M).
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mechanism four important dopaminergic pathways: 1) mesolimbic pathway 中脑-边缘系统 2) mesocortical pathway 中脑-皮质通路 3) nigrostriatal pathway 黑质-纹状体通路 4) tubero-infundibular pathway 结节-漏斗通路 CPZ ( - ) D2-R → antipsychotic effects
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Clinical uses psychotic disorder : 1 ) schizophrenia----- first choice; 2 ) other psychotic states: manic states; delirium ( 谵妄 )states. no effect on depression. ( I type > II type )
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2 、 Antiemetic effects ( 镇吐作用 ) Antiemetic effect is strong; But no effect on motion sickness. ( 晕动性呕吐 ) CPZ low dosage ㈠ CTZ (催吐化学感受区) (+) vomiting center large dosage ㈠ vomit chemoreceptor trigger zone
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nausea and vomit induced by uremia ( 尿毒症 ), cancer, pregnant toxemia ( 妊娠毒血症 ), radiation ( 辐射 ) and some drugs. stubborn hiccup 顽固性呃逆 Clinical uses
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3 、 influence of temperature regulation characteristics: 1) temperature normal person and patients with fever; 2) action correlative with environmental temperature ( 环境温度 ) ; 3 ) produce fever, dispel fever ( 散热 ).
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Clinical uses 1 ) hypothermal anesthesia 低温麻醉 2 ) artificial hibernation 人工冬眠 CPZ + pethidine( 哌替啶 ) + promethazine ( 异丙嗪 ) hibernation mixture
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配合物理降温 使体温降至 34 ℃以下 机体进入 “ 冬眠 ” 状态。 BMR ,对各种病 理刺激的反应性 ,组织对缺氧的耐受力 。 mostly used for 严重感染、中毒性休克、 高热惊厥、甲状腺危象等辅助治疗。 人工冬眠
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4 、 the effects of CNS depressants e.g. general anaesthetics, sedative-hypnotics, analgesics ( 镇痛药 ), alcohol, ……
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II. autonomic nerve system 1 、 cardiovascular (-) - R (-) 血管运动中枢 dilate the blood vessel directly BP↓ orthostatic hypotension 体位性低血压 adrenaline reversal cannot use in the hypertension:tolerance 2 、 (-) M – R dry mouth, constipation ( 便秘 ), blurred vision ( 视力模糊 )…
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III. endocrine system CPZ (-) D 2 -R (tubero-infundibular pathway) prolactin inhibitory factor ( 催乳素释放抑制因子 ) ; the secretion of growth hormone; the secretion of GnRH ( 促性腺激素 ); the secretion of ACTH ; …… (内分泌系统)
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[adverse reactions] 1 、 common adverse reaction 1) ㈠ CNS, 2) M-R ㈠, 3) -R ㈠ : BP , orthostatic hypotension … 4) local irritative ( 刺激性 ).
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2. extrapyramidal system reactions 锥体外系反应 1) parkinsonism 帕金森综合征 2) acute dystonia 急性肌张力障碍 3) akathisia 静坐不能 4) tardive dyskinesia 迟发性运动障碍 中枢抗 胆碱药 CPZ ( ) nigrostriatal pathway D 2 -R
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3.allergic reactions 4.acute toxication po. large dose: 1~2 g / time , clinical symptoms : narcoma , Bp shock , (麻醉性昏睡) cardiac damage, arrhythmia…… [contraindications] p.160
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brief summary CPZ blocking 中脑 - 皮质通路 D 2 -R 中脑 - 边缘叶通路 D 2 -R 抗精神病作用 黑质 - 纹状体通路 DA-R 锥体外系反应 结节 - 漏斗通路 DA-R 影响内分泌
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other antipsychotic drugs p.161-163 硫杂蒽类 tardan 泰尔登 丁酰苯类 haloperidol 氟哌啶醇 其他口服长效类 penfluridol 五氟利多 sulpiride 舒必利 clozapine 氯氮平 risperidone 利培酮
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§2 Antimanic drugs lithium carbonate 碳酸锂 [characteristics] [characteristics] 1.absorbed well ; wide distribution ; 2. Na + enhance the excretion of Li + ; incept Na + renal discharge Li + 3. onset of effect is slow, individual variation (个体差异) ;
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4. mechanism is complex; p.164 5. mania and the manic state of schizophrenia clinical first choice; 6. adverse reaction safe margin is narrow; common adverse reaction acute toxication: CNS(–) coma…, death. withdrawal, treatment: iv. 0.9% NaCl TDM TDM important !
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§3 Antidepressant drugs Imipramine 米帕明 (丙咪嗪) [ characteristics ] 1. po.absorbed well ; wide distribution ; 2.Antidepressant selectivity high; action slow; normal----CNS(–) depressed----uplift ( 情绪高涨 )
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3. mechanism : inhibit the reuptake of NA 、 5-HT in the brain. 4. Clinical uses: different types of depression, enuresis ( 遗尿症 ), anxiety and phobia ( 恐怖症 ). 5. Adverse reactions: M-R (–), CNS symptom… [ drug interaction ] p.165
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Other drugs p.166-170 amitriptyline 阿米替林 maprotiline 马普替林 mianserin 米安色林 ……
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1.Describe the actions and uses of CPZ. 2. Please explain the effects and adverse reactions of CPZ by receptor theory. 3. List the name used for mania or depressive.
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