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eminent与famous用法区别 生前, 一般用eminent。 He is an eminent scientist. 生后, 一般用famous。 He was a famous scientist.
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find one’s way to (into)
设法赶到 , 到达
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it is a thing ……, that…… “it” 是 formal subject(形式主语)后面that引导的定语从句(thing的定语从句)是real subject。 这种句型用于强调句中的某一成分。
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It was your sister that(或whom) Xiao Yang met in the zoo yesterday.
例句: It was Xiao Yang who(或that) met your sister in the zoo yesterday. It was your sister that(或whom) Xiao Yang met in the zoo yesterday.
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It was in the zoo that(不用where)Xiao Yang met your sister yesterday.
It was yesterday that(不用when) Xiao Yang met your sister in the zoo.
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give rise to/touch off /bring about
provoke 的 synonym(同义词) trigger(扳机)(off) spawn(鱼等的产卵,酿成) induce(引诱) give rise to/touch off /bring about
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2. run full tilt into sb. 与某人撞个满怀。 3. have a tilt at sb. 攻击某人,奚落某人。
1. at full tilt 全速地,用力地。 2. run full tilt into sb. 与某人撞个满怀。 3. have a tilt at sb. 攻击某人,奚落某人。
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1. make good its claim 实现(意图,诺言)
2. make good a loss 补偿损失 3. 成功,发达
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Amidst(=Amid) 与among的区别: 但是也有amid(st) enemies/dangers。
amid(st)后接单数名词,并带有“被包围”之意,如: stand amid(st) the crowd 但是也有amid(st) enemies/dangers。 among后接三个或三个以上的人或物,即复数名词。如: among one’s friends。
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command no pause for…… 没有时间,无暇顾及做某事
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1. speculate on/upon/about 思索,沉思 2. speculate in stocks 投机
speculation → speculate的用法 1. speculate on/upon/about 思索,沉思 2. speculate in stocks 投机
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portentous ← portent n. 1.预兆,不祥之兆 2. 奇怪的事物 a. 3. 自大的,自命不凡的
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studiously ← 1. study 2. studio (艺术家的)工作室,播音室,电影制片厂
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to be of great (little) moment 很(不很)重要
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supervision ← supervise overseer ← oversee 监工,监督n.
superintendence ← superintend vi.vt . supervision ← supervise overseer ← oversee 监工,监督n.
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(略作I.Q. 智商) quotient [数] 商 intelligence 智力,理解力,聪明
intelligence quotient (略作I.Q. 智商) quotient [数] 商
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aptitude 自然倾向 have an aptitude for… 有…习性
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masterful的用法: 1.好支配人的;如:speak in a masterful manner以专横的态度讲话。 2.熟练的;如:write in master English。
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prudent, cautious, circumspect (周到,慎重) (circum:绕,周;spect 观点)
care 作“谨慎”解,同义词: prudent, cautious, circumspect (周到,慎重) (circum:绕,周;spect 观点)
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crooked ← crook n. 钩子,弯曲 crooked stick 弯柄手杖
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sinecurist ← sinecure n. 闲职
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manifestly ← manifest a. 明白的,明了的; manifesto 宣言,声明;
manifest vt. 表明,证明; a. 明白的,明了的; manifesto 宣言,声明; manifestation n. 表明,表示。 ←
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be susceptible to cold 容易感冒 (2)[表语] 容许的,可以的
(1)a. 敏感的 be susceptible to cold 容易感冒 (2)[表语] 容许的,可以的 be susceptible of doing sth. 容许,可以做某事。
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He and his brother are alike in many ways. ad.同样地
treat all men alike 一视同仁 提示:本句中,副词修饰名词时的alike位置。
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2. n. 性格,脾气 She has a good temper. 她脾气好。
1. v. 煅造,回火;锻炼。 在本句中作“经历着”解。 2. n. 性格,脾气 She has a good temper. 她脾气好。 3. vt. 调节,调剂 The sea tempers the climate. 海洋调节气候。
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speak with asperity 严厉地说
asperity n. 1. 粗糙 2. (性格,语言)粗暴 speak with asperity 严厉地说
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3. [常用复] 气候的严酷,艰苦的条件。 the asperities of northern winter 北方冬季的严寒 an exchange of asperities 对骂
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1. so…as to 如此 … 以至于… 例句:He was so angry as to be unable to speak. 2. 本句中, so to do sth as to do sth 是变形,可译为:由于…,以至于… 本段倒数第七行一句,可证明是原句型的变形。
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sweeten vt. 使变甜,使温柔,使…清洁, 使新鲜; 改善…的条件。
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opportunely ← opportune
(opportunity 机会) 1.(时间)适宜的; You have arrived at a most opportune moment. 你来得正是时候。 2.(行动)及时,适时; an opportune rain 及时雨。
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undertakings n. 1.企业,事业,任务; 2.承担,许诺,保证; 3.殡仪业。
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render vt. 2.使得,使变为 Illness had rendered him rather weak.
1.提出,提供 2.使得,使变为 Illness had rendered him rather weak. 3. render (up)a city 放弃一个城市
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Air is indispensable to life. 2.不可推卸,责无旁贷; an indispensable obligation
1. 必不可少; Air is indispensable to life. 2.不可推卸,责无旁贷; an indispensable obligation 本句中,此词组意为“贫困者对勤劳者的依赖性”。
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despotic ← despot n. 暴君,专制君主
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dispense with dispense 1. 分配(施舍物品) 2. 执行 3. 免除,豁免
to be dispensed with 被免除。 在本句中,引申的意思为:摆脱,不能 被摆脱,增加了民众对政府的依赖性。
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remunerative ← remuneration 报酬 remunerate vt. 酬劳,酬谢。
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He was absent , as is often the case.
as pron. 这一点。 例句: He was absent , as is often the case.
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transatlantic a.大西洋彼岸的 n.大西洋彼岸的人 trans:前缀:跨越,横过,从一边 到另一边
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= I shall try to make clear the reasons for this.
This for reasons which I shall … = I shall try to make clear the reasons for this. 因此文原为威尔逊在大学的一个演讲稿,口语化。
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substitute popular control for absolute rulers
substitute staple fibre for cotton → A ← B 用人造棉代替棉花 此句,相当于: substitute popular control for absolute rulers
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subserve vt. 辅助,促进 subservience n. subservient a.
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weal 福利,幸福,好运道 share weal and woe 同甘共苦 哀叹,苦恼
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stein 施太(泰)因 普鲁士首相,1807年主持“施太因改革”。内容包括:宣布废除农民对地主的人身依附,给城市一定的自治;改革行政机构;加强中央集权等。
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herald n. 传令官;先驱;预言者。 vt. 预示…的来临;通报,宣布,欢呼。
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inaugurate a president 3. 为…举行开幕式,落成典礼,通车典礼等。
1. 宣布…开始; 2.为…举行就职典礼; inaugurate a president 3. 为…举行开幕式,落成典礼,通车典礼等。
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a.civil: 1.公民的;civil rights 公民权 2.国内的;the Civil War 3.有礼貌的,文明的;
civil machinery 文官机构 a.civil: 1.公民的;civil rights 公民权 2.国内的;the Civil War 3.有礼貌的,文明的; civil society 文明社会 4.民事的;a civil code 民法
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embark embark on a ship 上船,上飞机。 embark in a new undertaking 开始做。
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shrewd a. a shrewd pain 剧痛 a shrewd answer 机敏的回答
精明的,伶俐的,机灵的; a shrewd eye 敏锐的目光 a shrewd answer 机敏的回答 shrewd bargaining 精明的讨价还价 凛冽的,剧烈的; a shrewd wind 凛冽的寒风 a shrewd pain 剧痛
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destine 1.命中注定的: The enemy’s attempt is destined to fail(或to failure) 2. 预定,指定: These ships are destined for Shanghai. Xiao Ming was originally destined to the bar. 小明的父母起初想叫小明去学当律师。
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sagacity ← saga 中世纪北欧的英雄传奇 sagacious a.
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=The can’t agree upon anything simple.
They can agree upon nothing simple. =The can’t agree upon anything simple.
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It is a part of political life only as the methods …
as conj. (1) 后接名词,例: as white as snow ↑ ↑ ad conj. (2)后接句子,例: Run as fast as you can.
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bid sb. good morning 祝某人早安 bid farewell to sb. 向某人告别 2.命令,吩咐(过去式用bade)
bid 是不规则动词,过去式两种bade,bid;过去分词两种bidden,bid. 1.祝贺,表示: (过去式用bade) bid sb. good morning 祝某人早安 bid farewell to sb. 向某人告别 2.命令,吩咐(过去式用bade) He bade me (to) come in. 他叫我进去。
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3. (拍卖中的)喊/出(价) 过去式,过去分词都用bid. 4. 打桥牌时的叫(牌)
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译文: …那些仅仅对可能正在变化的目的作为手段起作用的问题,这种变化便于理智地适应具体情况(已加)。
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consist consist in 存在于 consist of 由…组成 consist with 与…相一致
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“Liberty no more consists in easy functional movement than…”的译文:
“就像智力存在于自在和活力之中,它驱使着一个强健的人的肢体,运动不息,自由存在于顺畅的政府职能的运转之中。”
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if only 语气。 2.If引导的虚拟条件句,to be用were, 不管主语什么人称; If引导的真实条件句,to be可用原
1.可用于真实条件句;也可用于虚拟 语气。 2.If引导的虚拟条件句,to be用were, 不管主语什么人称; If引导的真实条件句,to be可用原 形,也可用to be不同形式。
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4.以下各句中“if it be …”均为真实条件句,to be用原形。
3.本句中的If only it be not irresponsible,属于由if引导的真实条件句中,to be可用原形。 4.以下各句中“if it be …”均为真实条件句,to be用原形。
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be remissness in one’s duties
remissness ← remiss a. 1.疏忽,粗心,不负责任,懈怠 be remissness in one’s duties
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That was very remiss of you. 你那样做太粗心大意了。
remissness discipline 松懈的纪律 2.无精打采,懒洋洋
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选民对文官的行政监督 ——公共行政的难题
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sluggish a.懒散,缓慢,萧条 a sluggish market 萧条的市场
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Don’t meddle in the internal affairs of other countries.
meddlesome ← meddle a.好干涉的,爱管闲事的。 meddle v. 1.干涉,干预 Don’t meddle in the internal affairs of other countries. 2.乱弄 Don’t meddle with the clock.
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apt to apt a. 1.恰当,贴切 an apt example 适当的例子 an apt remark 恰当的评语
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2.聪明,灵巧 be apt at sth. 善于做某事 3.有…倾向的,容易…的: Iron is apt to rust. 铁容易生锈。
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nuisance n. relieve the nuisance of fumes(烟雾)from factories. 2.讨厌的人或事:
1. 损害。 relieve the nuisance of fumes(烟雾)from factories. 2.讨厌的人或事: What a nuisance!真讨厌!
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The work is well afoot.工作在顺利进行中。
afoot ad. 1.徒步 2.在进行中 The work is well afoot.工作在顺利进行中。
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the respectabilities of social life 社会生活的各种习俗
respectability 1.有社会地位 2.respectabilities 习俗 the respectabilities of social life 社会生活的各种习俗
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1.传递,传授:impart knowledge to sb. 2.告示,透露:impart sth. to sb.
impart vt. 1.传递,传授:impart knowledge to sb. 2.告示,透露:impart sth. to sb.
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be competent for teaching be competent to the task
competent a. 1.有能力的,能胜任的 be competent for teaching be competent to the task be competent to do sth.
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3.有法定资格的 the competent authorities 主管当局 4.应该做的,被许可的
2.足够的:competent knowledge 3.有法定资格的 the competent authorities 主管当局 4.应该做的,被许可的 It was competent to him to leave. 他当时离开是对的。
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foster hopes for success
foster vt. 1.养育,抚养: foster a child 2.培养,促进,鼓励: foster the skill for… 3.抱有(希望等)。 foster hopes for success
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creak vi. 嘎吱作响 The door opened with a creak.
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buzz vi. (蜜蜂)嗡嗡作响,(机器)隆隆作响。
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bigoted ← bigot n. 固执的人,抱偏见的人 bigotry n.固执,偏见
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domineer vi. domineer over 作威作福,盛气凌人地对待,高耸。 vt. 对…飞扬跋扈
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the points of view 几个观点 a point of view 一个观点
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from my point of view 按照我的观点,在我看来 from the point of view of… 从…的角度/方面来看
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He is apt at languages.他善于学语言。
He is apt to learn.他善于学习。 He is apt at languages.他善于学语言。
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2.恰当,贴切:an apt remark 恰当的话。 3.有…倾向的: Iron is apt to rust.铁容易生锈。
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adept a. n. 熟练,内行. be adept in (at) sth. (figures) 善于算计
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bold a. 1.大胆 2.莽撞,冒失 3.醒目的,粗大的: a bold handwriting 粗体字
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apprehension n. 1. 理解,领悟 2. apprehensions(常用复) 恐惧,担心,忧虑,挂念。
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2. 设法做到: Can you contrive to be there by six? (contrive=manage)
contrivance n.(发明,设计;人为的修饰)← contrive v. 1. 发明,设计; 2. 设法做到: Can you contrive to be there by six? (contrive=manage)
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virtue n. 美德,善行; 有点,长处; 效能,效力,功效。 by(或in)virtue of 依靠…的力量;凭借。
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prefer sth. to sth. (后接名词) prefer to do sth. rather than to do sth.
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vt. be closeted with sb. 与某人密谈。
n.密室;衣柜;盥洗室。 a.私下的;闭门造车的,空谈的。 vt. be closeted with sb. 与某人密谈。
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They have not started yet.他们还没有出发。 2.已经(往往用在问句中)
yet ad. 1.还是,仍然(多用在否定句中) They have not started yet.他们还没有出发。 2.已经(往往用在问句中) Is everything ready yet? 一切都已经准备好了吗?
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3. 但是,然而 This article,which seems too long, is yet quite inspiring. 注: 作“但是,然而”之意时,可作conj.=however
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注意相关用法: yet once = once more 再一次 yet again 再一次 4.用在形容词比较级前,表示“更…”,如:
a yet easier task 一项更容易的工作 an easier task 一向比较容易的工作 注意相关用法: yet once = once more 再一次 yet again 再一次
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5.与形容词的最高级连用,表示“至今最… ”,如:This is the biggest underground lake yet discovered.
6.连…也,如:He did not come, nor yet write. 连信也不写;比仅用nor更强调。
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=ingratiate oneself into sb’s favor
ingratiating ← ingratiate vt. 使讨好,使巴结,使迎合 ingratiate oneself with sb. =ingratiate oneself into sb’s favor 讨好某人
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2.致敬 do (make, pay) obeisance to sb
obeisance n. 1.敬礼(用鞠躬,屈膝礼来表示的) 2.致敬 do (make, pay) obeisance to sb
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sober a 1.清醒的,未喝醉的,饮食有度的; 2.适度的,有节制的; 3.严肃,庄重的;
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4.不夸大,不渲染的; 5.理智的,合理的; 6.(衣着)朴素的。 in sober garments
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2.供养,维持,如:sustain a family 3.遭受,如:sustain losses
sustenance ← sustain vt. 1.支撑; 2.供养,维持,如:sustain a family 3.遭受,如:sustain losses
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4. 经受住,如: He couldn’t sustain such a shock.(shock: 震惊)
5. 证明,如: These facts sustain the theory.
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本句中,“confederation”理解为国际间的联盟;
“first the confederation of parts…” 本句中,“confederation”理解为国际间的联盟;
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先是像英联邦那样的国际间联盟;最后是一些主要国家自己之间的联盟。(这些主要国家如美,英,法等,均有自己的殖民地体系,即像是联邦那样,如法兰西共同体)。以20世纪初“国际联盟”出现为例证。
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